Effects of drought stress on some physiological variables and grain yield of different wheat varieties

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 PhD student of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran and former MSc student, Shahid Bahounar University, Kerman, Iran

2 Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Shahid Bahounar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran

3 Agronomy and Plant Breeding, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran

Abstract

This study was conducted to determine the effect of drought stress on yield and some physiological characteristics of wheat cultivars. Six cultivars were grown under normal and drought stress in greenhouses and field conditions. Leaf samples were taken for physiological measurement including relative water content, transpiration rate, membrane stability, chlorophyll content and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and stomatal frequency and length. Grain yield was determined for plants grown under field condition. Results showed that treatments have a significant impact on plant traits. Drought stress decreased leaf chlorophyll content and photochemical efficiency of PSII due to increasing F0 and decreasing Fm and increased ion leakage. Drought stress also decreased grain yield and the highest yield was obtained in plots with normal condition. Cultivars Alvand and Chamran showed the highest level of photochemical efficiency of PSII, membrane stability and grain yield under drought stress and were considered as the more tolerant cultivars to drought stress than other cultivars under conditions of this investigation.
 
 

Keywords

Article Title [Persian]

بررسی اثرات تنش خشکی بر ارقام مختلف گندم توسط برخی متغیرهای فیزیولوژیکی و عملکرد دانه

Authors [Persian]

  • مهدیه عسکری 1
  • علی اکبر مقصودی مود 2
  • وحیدرضا صفاری 2
  • افسون عسگری 3
1 دانشجوی دکتری زراعت دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند و فارغ التحصیل کارشناسی ارشد از دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان، کرمان
2 گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان،
3 گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند
Abstract [Persian]

این تحقیق به منظور بررسی اثر تنش خشکی بر عملکرد و برخی خصوصیات فیزیولوژیک ارقام گندم انجام پذیرفت. شش رقم مورد مطالعه در شرایط گلخانه و مزرعه تحت تنش خشکی رشد یافتند. نمونه‌های برگی برای اندازه‌گیری خصوصیات فیزیولوژیک از قبیل طول روزنه سطوح بالایی و زیرین برگ، محتوی نسبی آب، سرعت تعرق، نشت یون، پایداری غشای کلروفیل و فلورسانس کلروفیل از گیاهان رشد یافته در شرایط گلخانه گرفته شدند. عملکرد دانه از گیاهان رشد یافته در شرایط مزرعه اندازه‌گیری گردید. نتایج نشان داد که تنش خشکی اثرات معنی­داری بر صفات اندازه‌گیری شده داشت. بین ارقام گندم نیز از نظر اکثر صفات مورد نظر اختلاف معنی­دار به دست آمد. تنش خشکی باعث افزایش F0 و کاهش Fm شد. همچنین تنش خشکی سبب کاهش عملکرد دانه گردید به طوری‌که بالاترین عملکرد از شرایط بدون تنش خشکی به‌دست آمد. ارقام الوند و چمران بالاترین شاخص کلروفیل، راندمان کوانتومی و عملکرد دانه را تحت شرایط تنش خشکی دارا بودند و به عنوان ارقام متحمل به تنش در این مطالعه شناسایی شدند.
 

Keywords [Persian]

  • تنش خشکی
  • عملکرد
  • فلورسانس کلروفیل
  • کارایی فتوسیستمII
  • گندم

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Journal of Plant Physiology and Breeding
Volume 8, Issue 1
June 2018
Pages 57-73

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