Effect of Putresine and Methyl Jasmonate on Antioxidant Responses in Peel and Pulp of Orange (Citrus sinensis L. var. Valencia) Fruit

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran

Abstract


This experiment was carried out to determine the effects of putrescine and methyl jasmonate on lipid peroxidation and altering the peroxide hydrogen of peel and pulp of Valencia orange fruit. Orange fruits were treated with 0 (control), 2.5 and 5 mM putrescine, and 0 (control), 10 and 20 µM methyl jasmonate, then stored at 5±1 °C, 85-90% relative humidity for four months. Oranges treated with 5 mM putrescine and 10 µM methyl jasmonate had significantly lower lipid peroxidation and peroxide hydrogen of peel and pulp and lower chilling injury percentage than the non-treated fruits. Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity was considerably increased in the treated and non-treated fruits but, the treated fruits exhibited significantly lower activity of PPO. Peroxidase (POD) activity increased at first and then decreased. However, the treated fruits exhibited significantly higher activity of POD than the control fruits during the storage period. In conclusion, fruits treated with 5 mM putrescine combined with 10 µM methyl jasmonate showed the best effect.
 

Keywords


Allen RD, 1995. Dissection of oxidative stress tolerance using transgenic plants. Plant Physiology 107: 1049-1054.
Amako K, Chen GX and Asada K, 1994. Separate assays specific for ascorbate peroxidase and guaiacol peroxidase and for the chlorplastic and cytosolic enzymes of ascorbate peroxidase in plants. Plant Cell Biology 35: 479-504.
Apel K and Hirt H, 2004. Reactive oxygen species: metabolism, oxidative stress and signal transduction. Annual Review of Plant Biology 55: 373-399.
Avanci NC, Luche DD, Goldman GH and Goldman MH, 2010. Jasmonates are phytohormones with multiple functions, including plant defense and reproduction. Genetics and Molecular Research 9: 484–505.
Becana M, Dalton DA, Moran JF, Iturbe-Ormaetxe I, Matamoros MA and Rubio MC, 2000. Reactive oxygen species and antioxidants in legume nodules. Physiologia Plantarum 109: 372-381.
Benson EE, 1990. Free Radical Damage in Stored Plant Germplasm. International Board for Plant Genetic Resources, ISBN 92-9043-196-2, Rome, Italy.
Bradford MM, 1976. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle dye binding. Annual Biochemistry 72: 248-252.
Broothaerts W, McPherson J, Li B, Randall E, Lane WD and Wierma PA, 2000. Fast apple (Malus x domestica) and tobacco (Nicotiana tobacum) leaf polyphenol exidase activity assay for screening transgenic plants. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry 48: 5924-5928.
Denance N, Sanchez-Vallet A, Goffner D and Molina A, 2013. Disease resistance or growth: the role of plant hormones in balancing immune responses and fitness costs. Frontiers in Plant Science 4:155.
Dhindsa RS, Plumb-Dhindsa P and Thorpe TA, 1981. Leaf senescence correlated with increased levels of membrane permeability and lipid peroxidation and decreased levels of superoxide dismutase and catalase. Journal of Experimental Botany 32: 93-101.
Douce R, Holtz RB and Benson AA, 1973. Isolation and properties of the envelope of spinach chloroplasts. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 248: 7215–7222.
Duan J, Li J, Guo S and Kang Y, 2008. Exogenous spermidine affects polyamine metabolism in salinity-stressed Cucumis sativus roots and enhances short-term salinity tolerance. Journal of Plant Physiology. 165: 1620–1635.
Espin JC, Garcia-Ruiz PA, Tudela J, Varon R and Garcia-Canovas F, 1998. Monophenolase and diphenolase reaction mechanisms of apple and pear polyphenol oxidases. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry 46: 2968 -2975.
Esterbauer H, Schaur RJ and Zollner H, 1991. Chemistry and biochemistry of 4-hydroxynonenal, malonaldehyde and related aldehydes. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 11: 81–128.
Gawlik-Dziki U, Złotek U and Swieca M, 2007. Characterization of polyphenol oxidase from butter lettuce (Luctuca sativa var. capitata L.). Food Chemistry 107: 129-135.
Gill, SS and Tuteja, N. 2010. Polyamines and abiotic stress tolerance in plants. Plant Signal Behavior 
 5: 26–33.
Grover A and Sinha SK, 1985. Senescence of detached leaves in pigeon pea and chick pea: regulation by developing pods. Plant Physiology 65: 503–507.
Hisaminato H, Murata M and Homma S, 2001. Relationship between enzymatic browning and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity of cut lettuce, and the prevention of browning by inhibitors of polyphenol biosynthesis. Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biochemistry 65: 1016-1021.
Hodges DM, Lester GE, Munro KD and Toivonen PM, 2004. Oxidative stress: importance for postharvest quality. HortScience 39: 924-929.
Hung SH, Wang CC, Ivanov SV, Alexieva V and Yu CW, 2007. Repetition of hydrogen peroxide treatment induces a chilling tolerance comparable to cold acclimation in mung bean. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 132: 700-776.
Kanazawa S, Sano S, Koshiba T and Ushimaru T, 2000. Changes in antioxidative enzymes in cucumber cotyledons during natural senescence: comparison with those during dark-induced senescence. Physiologia Plantarum 109: 211-216.
Kochba J, Lavee S and Spiegel-Roy P, 1977. Differences in peroxidase activity and isoenzymes in embryogenic and non-embryogenic ‘Shamouti’ orange ovular callus lines. Plant and Cell Physiology 18: 463-497.
Lafuente MT, Zacarias L, Martinez-Tellez MA, Sanchez-Ballesta MT and Dupille E, 2001. Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase as related to ethylene in the development of chilling symptoms during cold storage of citrus fruits. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry 49: 6020-6025.
Lamikanra O and Watson MA, 2000. Cantaloupe melon peroxidase: characterization and effects of food additives on activity. Nahrung 44: 168-172.
Lamikanra O and Watson MA, 2001. Effects of ascorbic acid on peroxidase and polyphenoloxidase activities in fresh cut cantaloupe melon. Food Chemistry and Toxicology 66: 1283-1286.
Lee SH, Ahsana N, Lee W, Kim DH, Lee DG, Kwak SS, Kwon SY, Kim TH and Lee BH, 2007. Simultaneous overexpression of both Cu and Zn superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase in transgenic tall fescue plants confers increased tolerance to a wide range of abiotic stresses. Journal of Plant Physiology 164: 1626-1638.
Luh BS and Phithakpol B, 1972. Characteristics of polyphenol oxidase related to browning in cling peaches. Journal of Food Science 37: 264-268.
Martinez-Tellez MA and Lafuente M, 1997. Effect of high temperature conditioning on ethylene, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activities in flavedo of chilling ‘Fortune’ mandarin fruit. Journal of Plant Physiology 150: 674-678.
Mayer AM, 1986. Polyphenol oxidases in plants-recent progress. Phytochemistry 26: 11-20.
Mayer AM and Harel E, 1991. Polyphenol oxidases and their significance in fruits and vegetables. In: Fox PF (Ed). Food Enzymology. P. 373. Elsevier Applied Science, New York.
Nguyen TBT, Ketsa S and van Doorn WG, 2003. Relationship between browning and
the activities of polyphenol oxidase and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase in banana peel during low temperature storage. Postharvest Biology and Technology 30: 187-193.
Oliveira L, Sous A, Ferreira IC, Bento A, Estevinho L and Pereira JA, 2009. Total phenols antioxidant potential and antimicrobial activity of walnut (Juglans regia L.) green husks. Food and Chemical Toxicology 46: 2326-2331.
Onsa GH, Bin Saari N, Selamat J and Bakar J, 2000. Latent polyphenol oxidases from sago log (Metroxylon sagu): partial purification, activation and some properties. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry 8: 5041-5046.
Parkin L, Marangoni A, Jackman RL, Yada RY and Stanley DW, 1989. Chilling injury: a review of possible mechanism. Journal of Food Biochemistry 13: 127-152.
Premachandra GS, Saneoka H, Fujita K and Ogata S, 1992. Osmotic adjustment and stomatal response to water deficits in maize.  Journal of Experimental Botany 43: 1451–1456.
Ritenour MAH and McCollum DGT, 2004. Chilling Injury of Grapefruit and its Control. University of Florida Extension Bulletin, Florida.
Rosahl S and Feussner I, 2005. Oxylipins. In: Murphy DJ (Ed). Plant Lipids: Biology, Utilization and Manipulation. Pp. 329–354. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford.
Sairam RK and Srivastava GC, 2000. Induction of oxidative stress and antioxidant activity by hydrogen peroxide treatment in tolerant and susceptible wheat genotypes. Biologia Plantarum 43: 381-386.
Sala JM, 1998. Involvement of oxidative stress in chilling injury in cold-stored mandarin fruits. Postharvest Biology and Technology 13: 255-261.
Sanchez-Ballesta MT, Lafuente MT, Zacarias L and Granell A, 2000. Involvement of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase in the response of Fortune mandarin fruits to cold temperature. Physiologia Plantarum 108: 382-389.
Serrano M, Martinez-Romero D, Guillen F and Valero D, 2003. Effects of exogenous putrescine on improving shelf life of four plum cultivars. Postharvest Biology and Technology 30: 259-271.
Uemura M, Tominaga Y, Nakagawara C, Shigematsu S, Minami A and Kawamura Y, 2006. Responses of the plasma membrane to low temperatures. Physiology of Plant 126: 81–89.
Vamos-Vigyazo L, 1981. Polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase in fruits and vegetables. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 15: 49-127.
van Gelder CW, Flurkey WH and Wichers HJ, 1997. Sequence and structural features of plant and fungal tyrosinases. Phytochemistry 45: 1309-1323.
Wang CY, 1995. Effect of temperature preconditioning on catalase, preoxidase and superoxide dismutase in chilled zucchini squash. Postharvest Biology and Technology 5: 67-76.
Xu J, Yin H, Liu XJ and Li X, 2010. Salt affects plant Cd-stress response by modulating growth and Cd accumulation. Planta 231: 449-459.
Ye S, Yo-Xin Y, Heng Z, Yuan-Peng D, Feng C and Shu-Wei W, 2007. Polyphenolic compound and the degree of browning in processing apple varieties. Agricultural Sciences in China 6: 607-612.