Evaluation of Saffron Ecotypes for Stigma Yield and Yield Components Using Different Maternal Corm Weights

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran

2 Young Researchers and Elite Club, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran

Abstract

Several saffron ecotypes (Mashhad, Torbat-Jam, Torbat-Haydarieh, Gonabad, Birjand, Ghaen) were evaluated in Urmia for stigma yield and yield components using different maternal corm weights(6, 8, 10, 12 g) in 2013 cropping year. The experiment was arranged as factorial based on randomized complete block design. Analysis of variance showed that there were significant differences among saffron ecotypes and maternal corm weights with respect to all studied agronomical traits. However, there was no interaction between ecotypes and corm weights for the majority of these characters. Torbat-Haydarieh and Mashhad ecotypes, and Gonabad and Ghaen ecotypes had the highest and lowest saffron yield in the Urmia condition, respectively. The yield and yield components of saffron improved when the greater maternal corm weight was used. There were positive relationships between saffron yield and all its components. Based on the stepwise regression analysis, dried stigma weight, stigma length, fresh flower weight, dry leaf weight and leaf length were the main components of saffron yield. We can conclude that maternal corm weight has a very important role in saffron performance. Furthermore, in order to establish a new saffron cultivation, it seems essential to take into account the climate condition of areas from which the corms were selected.
 
 

Keywords

Article Title [Persian]

ارزیابی اکوتیپ‌های مختلف زعفران از نظر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد با استفاده از وزن‌های مختلف پیاز مادری

Abstract [Persian]

تعدادی اکوتیپ­ مختلف زعفران (مشهد، تربت­جام، تربت­حیدریه، گناباد، بیرجند، قاین) از نظر عملکرد و اجزای ­عملکرد با استفاده از وزن­های مختلف پیاز مادری (6، 8، 10 و 12 گرم) در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه ارومیه طی سال زراعی 1392 ارزیابی شدند. آزمایش به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح ­بلوک­های ­کامل ­تصادفی به مرحله اجرا گذاشته شد. نتایج حاصل از تجزیه­ واریانس نشان داد که اختلاف معنی­داری بین اکوتیپ­های زعفران و وزن­های مختلف پیاز مادری از لحاظ کلیه صفات زراعی مورد مطالعه وجود دارد ولی اثر متقابل اکوتیپ با وزن پیاز برای بیشتر صفات زراعی معنی­دار نبود. بر اساس مقایسه میانگین صفات،اکوتیپ­های تربت­حیدریه و مشهد و اکوتیپ­های قاین و گناباد به ترتیب بیشترین و کمترین عملکرد را در شرایط آب و هوایی ارومیه داشتند. از طرفی مشخص شد که با افزایش وزن پیاز مادری عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد زعفران به مراتب بهبود می­یابد و این امر نه تنها عملکرد زعفران را در سال اول افزایش می­دهد بلکه تاثیر مثبتی بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد زعفران در سال­های آینده می­گذارد. بین عملکرد زعفران و کلیه اجزای آن همبستگی مثبت و معنی­داری وجود داشت. نتایج رگرسیون گام­به­گام نیز نشان داد که صفات وزن­ خشک­ کلاله، طول­کلاله، وزن ­تر گل، وزن­ خشک ­برگ و طول ­برگ از مهمترین اجزای عملکرد زعفران می­باشند. در نهایت می­توان نتیجه گرفت که وزن پیاز مادری نقش بسیار مهمی بر عملکرد زعفران دارد. از طرفی به نظر می­رسد که برای کشت زعفران در یک منطقه جدید توجه به شرایط آب ­و­ هوایی مناطقی که اکوتیپ­های زعفران از آن مناطق انتخاب می­شوند، ضروری است.
 

Keywords [Persian]

  • اکوتیپ
  • رگرسیون
  • زعفران
  • شرایط آب و هوایی
  • همبستگی
  • وزن پیاز مادری

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Journal of Plant Physiology and Breeding
Volume 6, Issue 1
June 2016
Pages 53-64

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