Effects of pollen source on pollen tube dynamics and fruit set in two almond promising genotypes

Document Type : Research Paper

Author

Received: May 24, 2023 Accepted: December 4, 2023 Temperate Fruit Research Center, Horticultural Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran

Abstract

In this study, a pollination experiment on almond species was conducted about the pollen tube penetration in the pistil with a fluorescence microscope and the rate of fruit formation by the controlled pollination in the orchard. These species included two new almond genotypes of KD 13 and K11-8 as pollen receptors, and two almond cultivars Tuono (self-compatible) and D5 (self-incompatible), a peach cultivar HolouYazdi, and GN15 (hybrid between almond and peach) as donor pollen sources. This experiment was conducted in an almond orchard with six-year-old trees at Kamal-Shahr Horticulture Research Station in Karaj, Iran. The results showed a significant difference among pollen sources for in vitro pollen grain germination. The pollen germination percentage ranged from 45 to 86% in the cultivars and genotypes under study. There were significant differences among crosses for the rate of pollen tube penetration in different parts of the style. KD13 × D5 (self-incompatible (with 9.6% and K11-8 × D5 (self-incompatible) with 7.63% showed the highest percentage of pollen tube penetration but KD13 × Tuono and K11-8  ×Tuono with 1% and 2.12%, respectively, had the lowest pollen tube insertion into the style. Ninety days after pollination, the crosses of KD13 × KD5 and K11-8 × D5 showed the highest percentage of fruit set (48.90 and 42.45%, respectively) as compared to other pollinizers. It was determined that the fruit formation was mainly influenced by the pollen source and therefore the source of pollen had a decisive role in the final fruit set. As a result, it is important to choose the right pollen source in the breeding programs before recommending the cultivation of new almond varieties.
 

Keywords

Main Subjects

Article Title [Persian]

تأثیر منبع گرده بر دینامیک لوله گرده و تشکیل میوه در دو ژنوتیپ امیدبخش بادام

Author [Persian]

  • علی ایمانی
مرکز تحقیقات میوه‌های معتدل، پژوهشکده باغبانی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی (AREEO)، کرج
Abstract [Persian]

در این مطالعه، آزمایش گرده‌افشانی در گونه‌های بادام با بررسی رشد لوله گرده در مادگی با استفاده ازمیکروسکوپ فلورسانس و میزان تشکیل میوه در گرده‌افشانی کنترل‌شده در مزرعه انجام شد. این گونه ­ها شامل دو ژنوتیپ جدید بادام KD13 و K11-8 به عنوان گیرنده گرده و دو رقم بادام خودسازگار (Tuono) و خود ناسازگار (D5)، یک رقم هلو به نام یزدی و GN15 (هیبرید بین بادام و هلو) به عنوان گرده دهنده بودند. این آزمایش در باغ بادام با درختان شش ساله در ایستگاه تحقیقات باغبانی کمال شهر کرج انجام شد. نتایج حاصل از جوانه زنی دانه گرده در شرایط آزمایشگاهی تفاوت معنی­ داری را بین منابع گرده دهنده نشان داد. میانگین درصد جوانه زنی گرده در ارقام و ژنوتیپ ­ها بین 45 تا 86 درصد متغیر بود. بین تلاقی‌های مختلف، از نظر میزان نفوذ لوله گرده در قسمت‌های مختلف خامه گل تفاوت معنی‌داری دیده شد. نتایج نشان داد که تلاقی   D5 (خود ناسازگار) × KD13 با 9.6% درصد و D5 (خود ناسازگار) × K11-8 با 7.63% یشترین درصد نفوذ لوله گرده به پایه خامه را داشتند، در حالی که درصد متوسط لوله گرده وارد شده به پایه خامه گل در تلاقی KD13 × Tuono و K11-8 × Tuono به ترتیب 1 و 2.12 درصد بود. نود روز پس از گرده افشانی، تلاقی ­های KD13 × D5 و K11-8 × D5 بیشترین درصد تشکیل میوه (به ترتیب 48.90 و 42.45 درصد) را نسبت به سایر گرده دهنده ­ها نشان دادند.  در این تحقیق مشخص شد که تشکیل میوه عمدتاً تحت تأثیر نوع گرده است و بنابراین منبع گرده نقش تعیین کننده ­ای در تشکیل میوه نهایی دارد. در نتیجه، انتخاب منبع گرده مناسب در برنامه های اصلاحی پیش ازتوصیه کشت ارقام جدید بادام حائز اهمیت می ­باشد.
 

Keywords [Persian]

  • بادام
  • تلقیح
  • خود ناسازگاری
  • هیبرید

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Journal of Plant Physiology and Breeding
Volume 13, Issue 2
December 2023
Pages 169-179

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