Agro-morphological and physiological traits affecting grain yield of durum wheat advanced generations under rainfed conditions

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Science and Agricultural Engineering, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran

Abstract

Durum wheat production in the Mediterranean climate is limited when water shortages occur during anthesis. Breeding programs try to increase crop yield under challenging weather conditions such as water shortage. The improvement in phenotyping with the purpose of selecting key plant traits is important for increasing the efficiency of the breeding program. In this study, 125 and 119 durum recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from F7 and F8 generations, respectively, derived from the cross between the Iranian landrace “Iran_249” and the Iranian variety “Zardak” were compared in the field over two successive years (2015 and 2016) in the temperate rainfed conditions with the Mediterranean climate. The results showed that the performance of RILs was influenced by the year. Harvest index, biomass, number of spikes per plant, number of tillers per plant, straw yield, spike weight, spike density, and weight of grains per spike were positively associated with the grain yield in two years. According to path analysis in the first year, the number of spikes per plant and awn length had a positive and significant direct effect on the grain yield whilst, in the second year, the positive and significant direct effects on the grain yield belonged to the number of tillers per plant, grain filling rate, and plant height. In conclusion, based on the two-year data, the RILs with higher spike weight, the weight of grains per spike, number of tillers per plant, biomass, grain filling rate, higher plant height with longer peduncle length, and longer spikes with longer awn length may have higher yield under rainfed conditions. These traits are promising traits for the indirect selection of grain yield. RILs No. 2, 16, 29, 43, 66, 80, 100, and 118 had the highest rank in both years and were superior to their parents.

Keywords


Article Title [Persian]

صفات آگرو-مورفولوژیکی و فیزیولوژیکی مؤثر بر عملکرد دانه نسل های پیشرفته گندم دوروم در شرایط دیم

Authors [Persian]

  • نگار آقایی
  • لیلا زارعی
  • کیانوش چقامیرزا
گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده علوم و مهندسی کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه
Abstract [Persian]

تولید گندم دوروم در آب و هوای مدیترانه ­ای در مواجهه با کمبود آب در طول گرده افشانی، محدود می ­شود. برنامه های اصلاحی سعی در افزایش عملکرد دانه تحت شرایط آب و هوایی چالش برانگیز مانند کمبود آب دارند. بهبود ارزیابی فنوتیپی با هدف انتخاب صفات کلیدی گیاه برای تسریع به نژادی امر مهمی است. در این مطالعه، 125 و 119 لاین اینبرد نوترکیب از نسل‌های F7 و F8 به‌دست‌آمده از تلاقی توده بومی گندم دوروم Iran_249  و واریته زردک در دو سال متوالی (1394 و 1395) در مزرعه در شرایط آب و هوای مدیترانه ­ای معتدل دیم مقایسه شدند. نتایج نشان داد که عملکرد لاین ­ها تحت تأثیر سال قرار داشت. شاخص برداشت، بیوماس، تعداد سنبله در بوته، تعداد پنجه در بوته، عملکرد کاه، وزن سنبله، تراکم سنبله و وزن دانه در سنبله با عملکرد دانه در هر دو سال همبستگی مثبت داشتند. بر اساس تجزیه علیت در سال اول، تعداد سنبله در بوته و طول ریشک اثر مستقیم مثبت و معنی­ دار بر عملکرد دانه داشتند. در حالی که در آزمایش سال دوم تعداد پنجه در بوته، سرعت پر شدن دانه و ارتفاع بوته از اثر مستقیم مثبت و معنی­ دار بر عملکرد دانه برخوردار بودند. به طور کلی، بر اساس تجزیه و تحلیل صفات در دو سال، لاین­ های دارای وزن سنبله، وزن دانه در سنبله، تعداد پنجه در بوته، بیوماس، سرعت پر شدن دانه و ارتفاع بوته بالاتر و نیز دارای سنبله ­های بلندتر با طول ریشک بلندتر در شرایط دیم، عملکرد بالاتری داشتند. این صفات امیدوارکننده‌ترین صفات برای انتخاب غیرمستقیم عملکرد دانه هستند. لاین ­­های شماره 2، 16، 29، 43، 66، 80، 100 و 118 بهترین رتبه ­ها را در هر دو سال داشتند و نسبت به والدین خود برتر بودند.

Keywords [Persian]

  • تنش خشکی
  • صفات آگرو-مورفولوژیکی
  • گندم دوروم
  • لاین های اینبرد نوترکیب
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