A comprehensive study of Iranian wild jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) by morphological and biochemical traits

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Horticulture, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran

2 Agronomy and Plant Breeding Department, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran; Medicinal Plants Research Center, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran; Transgenesis Center of Excellence, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran

Abstract

Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.), with high nutritional value, is an important medicinal plant and is consumed worldwide as fresh and dry fruit. Iran is one of the most important germplasm centers for jujube. Jujube fruits are rich in mineral nutrients, protein, carbohydrates, and vitamin C. In this study, 12 different wild accessions of jujube were collected from different regions of Isfahan province. A total of thirty-four morphological and biochemical traits were evaluated. Significant differences were detected among accessions. The highest values of fruit length, fruit width, fruit weight, moisture percent, fruit flesh weight, flesh/stone ratio, stone weight, stone length, and stone width were 32.36 mm, 21.68 mm, 7.00 g, 87.11%, 6.61 g, 19.15, 0.39 g, 18.46 mm, and 7.45 mm, respectively. The highest level of total acidity content was observed in the Mahabad accession (1.38%) and the highest level of total soluble solids content was observed in the Poodeh accession (39.6% °Brix). The highest level of ascorbic acid and flavonoid content was measured in the Zavvareh (403.62 mg/kg DW) and Ganje-Ghobad accessions (250.12 mg/kg DW), respectively. The range of total phenolic compounds and mucilage content was from 8.8 to 37.97 (mg/kg DW) and 18.85 to 37.97 (mg/kg DW), respectively. The Anarak accession had the highest Zn (0.82 mg/100 g), Mn (58.37 mg/100 g), and K (698.72 mg/100 g) content, while the highest Fe (11.28 mg/100 g) and Ca (120.09 mg/100 g) content was observed in the Poodeh accession. In addition, the richest source of P (119.94 mg/100 g) was identified in the Kachoomesghal accession. Ganje-Ghobad, Poodeh, Koohpayeh, Anarak, and Zavvareh accessions showed higher values for morphological, and biochemical traits, which can be used for selecting specific genotypes for special purposes in the breeding programs of jujube and for drug industries.
 

Keywords

Article Title [Persian]

مطالعه نمونه های عناب وحشی ایرانی با استفاده از صفات مورفولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی

Authors [Persian]

  • گشتاسب جلایی اسفندآبادی 1
  • حسینعلی اسدی قارنه 1
  • المیرا ضیاء مطلبی پور 2
1 گروه باغبانی، واحد اصفهان (خوراسگان)، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اصفهان
2 گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، واحد اصفهان (خوراسگان)، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اصفهان؛ مرکز تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی اصفهان (خوراسگان)، اصفهان؛ قطب علمی انتقال ژن، واحد اصفهان (خوراسگان)، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اصفهان
Abstract [Persian]

عناب (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) با ارزش غذایی بالا، یک گیاه دارویی مهم است و به صورت میوه تازه و خشک در سراسر جهان مصرف می ­شود. ایران یکی از مهمترین مراکز ژرم پلاسم عناب است. میوه عناب سرشار از مواد مغذی معدنی، پروتئین، کربوهیدرات و ویتامین C است. در این مطالعه 12 نمونه مختلف وحشی عناب از مناطق مختلف استان اصفهان جمع آوری شد و در مجموع 34 صفت مورفولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. با توجه به نتایج حاصل، تفاوت معنی ­داری بین نمونه ها مشاهده شد. بیشترین میانگین طول میوه، عرض میوه، وزن میوه، درصد رطوبت، وزن گوشت میوه، نسبت گوشت به هسته، وزن هسته، طول هسته و عرض هسته به ترتیب 32/36 میلی‌متر، 21/68 میلی‌متر، 7 گرم، 87/11 درصد، 6/61 گرم، 19/15، 0/39 گرم، 18/46 میلی متر و 75/45 میلی متر بود. بیشترین میزان اسیدیته کل در نمونه مهاباد (1/38 درصد) و بیشترین میزان مواد جامد محلول کل در نمونه پوده (39/6 درصد درجه بریکس) مشاهده شد. بیشترین میزان اسید اسکوربیک و فلاونوئید به ترتیب در نمونه زواره (403/62 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم وزن خشک) و نمونه گنجه قباد (250/12 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم وزن خشک) اندازه‌گیری شد. دامنه ترکیبات فنلی کل و محتوای موسیلاژ به ترتیب از 8/8 تا 37/97 (میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم وزن خشک) و 18/85 تا 37/97 (میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم وزن خشک) متغیر بود. نمونه انارک دارای بیشترین مقدار روی (0/82 میلی گرم در 100 گرم)، منگنز (58/37 میلی گرم در 100 گرم) و پتاسیم (698/72 میلی گرم در 100 گرم) بود. از طرف دیگر بیشترین مقدار آهن (11/28 میلی گرم در 100 گرم) و کلسیم (120/09 میلی گرم در 100 گرم) به نمونه پوده تعلق داشت. همچنین غنی‌ترین منبع فسفر (119/94 میلی‌گرم در 100 گرم) در نمونه کچومثقال شناسایی شد. گنجه قباد، پوده، کوهپایه، انارک و زواره از نظر صفات مورفولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی ارزش بالاتری نشان دادند که می‌توان از آن‌ها به منظور انتخاب ژنوتیپ‌های خاص برای اهداف ویژه در برنامه‌های اصلاحی و صنایع دارویی استفاده کرد.

Keywords [Persian]

  • تجزیه کلاستر
  • ژنوتیپ
  • صفات بیوشیمیایی
  • مواد مغذی
  • همبستگی
  • Ziziphus jujuba Mill

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Journal of Plant Physiology and Breeding
Volume 12, Issue 2
December 2022
Pages 93-104

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