Inheritance of agronomic and physiological characteristics of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) lines at normal and salinity-stress conditions

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran

2 Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran; Center of Excellence for Cereal Molecular Breeding, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran

Abstract

Inheritance of several physiological and agronomic traits in 92 F4 lines derived from the cross between two wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars (Arg and Moghan3, tolerant and sensitive to salinity, respectively) was studied in a greenhouse at normal and salinity stress conditions using a hydroponic system in 2018. The experiment was carried out as a split-plot design based on randomized complete blocks with two replications. The two salinity levels (control and application of 150 mM NaCl at the three-leaf stage) were arranged in the main plots and the lines in the subplots. Analysis of variance showed significant differences among lines for all of the investigated characteristics, except the K+/Na+ ratio. The line × salinity interaction was significant for the majority of the traits including grain yield. Salinity stress increased leaf temperature, electrolyte leakage, 1000-grain weight, and Na+ content, and decreased other traits significantly. Transgressive segregation was detected for some traits at both normal and salinity stress conditions. At both normal and salinity stress conditions, broad-sense and narrow-sense heritability for the studied traits were estimated high (0.72 to 0.99) and moderate to low (0.11-0.62), respectively. The lowest broad-sense (0.72 and 0.66 at normal and salinity-stress conditions, respectively) and narrow-sense heritability (0.13 and 0.11 at normal and salinity-stress conditions, respectively) belonged to the grain yield. At both conditions, the magnitude of dominance genetic variance was higher than the additive genetic variance for the majority of the traits investigated. The average degree of dominance for all traits at both conditions was greater than one, which showed the existence of over-dominance gene action in controlling these traits. This research highlights the necessity of exploiting dominance gene effects in breeding programs of wheat at salinity stress conditions.

Keywords

Article Title [Persian]

وراثت صفات زراعی و فیزیولوژیک در لاین های گندم (Triticum aestivum L. ) بهاره در شرایط نرمال و تنش شوری

Authors [Persian]

  • مهری عباس زاده 1
  • محمد مقدم 2
  • مجید نوروزی 1
  • علی بنده حق 1
1 گروه به‌نژادی و بیوتکنولوژی گیاهی؛ دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز
2 گروه به نژادی و بیوتکنولوژی گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز؛ قطب علمی اصلاح مولکولی غلات، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز
Abstract [Persian]

وراثت چند صفت فیزیولوژیکی و زراعی در 92 لاین F4 حاصل از تلاقی دو رقم گندم (ارگ ​​و مغان 3، به ترتیب متحمل و حساس به شوری) در گلخانه تحت شرایط نرمال و تنش شوری با استفاده از سیستم هیدروپونیک در سال 1397 مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. آزمایش به صورت کرت ­های خرد شده بر پایه بلوک ­های کامل تصادفی با دو تکرار انجام شد. دو سطح شوری (نرمال و کاربرد 150 میلی مولار نمک طعام در مرحله سه برگی) در کرت­ های اصلی و لاین­ ها در کرت­ های فرعی قرار داده شدند. تجزیه واریانس تفاوت معنی ­داری را بین لاین ­ها برای همه صفات مورد بررسی، به جز نسبت +K+/Na، نشان داد. اثر متقابل لاین × شوری برای اکثر صفات از جمله عملکرد دانه معنی دار بود. تنش شوری سبب افزایش معنی­ دار میزان دمای برگ، نشت الکترولیت، وزن هزار دانه و محتوای +Na  و کاهش معنی­ دار سایر صفات شد. تفکیک متجاوز برای برخی صفات در هر دو شرایط نرمال و تنش شوری مشاهده شد. در هر دو شرایط نرمال و تنش شوری، وراثت‌پذیری عمومی و خصوصی صفات مورد مطالعه به‌ترتیب بالا (0.72 - 0.99) و متوسط ​​تا کم (0.62-0.11) برآورد شد. کمترین میزان وراثت‌پذیری عمومی (0.72 و 0.66 به ترتیب در شرایط نرمال و تنش شوری) و وراثت‌پذیری خصوصی (0.13 و 0.11 به ترتیب در شرایط نرمال و تنش شوری) مربوط به عملکرد دانه بود. در هر دو شرایط، مقدار واریانس غالبیت بیشتر از واریانس افزایشی برای اکثر صفات مورد مطالعه بود. میانگین درجه غالبیت برای همه صفات در هر دو شرایط بیشتر از یک بود که نشان دهنده وجود عمل فوق غالبیت ژنی در کنترل صفات مورد بررسی بود. این تحقیق ضرورت بهره‌برداری از اثرات ژنی غالبیت در برنامه‌های اصلاحی گندم تحت تنش شوری را نشان می­دهد.

Keywords [Persian]

  • درجه غالبیت
  • واریانس ژنتیکی افزایشی
  • واریانس ژنتیکی غالبیت
  • وراثت پذیری خصوصی
  • وراثت پذیری عمومی

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Journal of Plant Physiology and Breeding
Volume 12, Issue 1
May 2022
Pages 165-180

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