Combining ability of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) inbred lines for grain yield and physiological traits under optimum and water-stress conditions

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Field and Horticultural Crops Research Department, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center of Semnan Province (Shahrood), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Shahrood, Iran

2 Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran

Abstract

To investigate the combining ability of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) inbred lines and also the inheritance of several physiological traits of this plant in normal irrigation and water-deficit-stress conditions, eight inbred lines with different drought tolerance were crossed with three cytoplasmic male sterile lines. The resulting 24 hybrids, 11 parents, and a commercial hybrid (Barzghar) as the control were evaluated in a split-plot design based on the randomized complete block design with three replications. Irrigation was applied in the main plots at two levels, normal (irrigation based on 100% water requirement) and stress (irrigation withhold after the appearance of the inflorescence), and 36 sunflower genotypes in subplots. During the growing season, chlorophyll content (Chl), relative water content (RWC), leaf water loss (LWL), early growth rate (EGR), leaf temperature (LT), and grain yield (GY) were measured. The analysis of variance showed the significant effect of water-deficit stress on Chl, RWC, LT, and GY. According to the results of the line × tester analysis, the effect of lines was significant for Chl, LWL, EGR, and GY in normal conditions, and on Chl and EGR in the water-deficit-stress conditions. In the case of the testers, there was a significant difference in Chl, EGR, and GY under normal conditions, and in LWL, EGR, and GY under stress conditions. The significant effect of lines and testers on these traits indicated a difference between their general combining ability (GCA) and the existence of additive gene effects. The interaction of line × tester was significant only for GY in normal conditions. Chl and EGR had a relatively high broad-sense and narrow-sense heritability at both conditions. The GY had also relatively high broad-sense heritability in both conditions but its narrow-sense heritability was only relatively high at the water-deficit-stress conditions. The C122 and C123 lines and the A19 tester had the highest positive GCA for GY in both conditions. The hybrid A196 × C41 in the normal conditions and A112 × C111 in the stress conditions had a positive SCA. Among the physiological traits, only LWL showed a significant correlation with GY in normal conditions. Under water-deficit-stress conditions, LWL and EGR had a positive correlation with GY, while LT showed a negative correlation with GY. In conclusion, it seems that LWL, EGR, and LT can be used to indirectly improve GY of sunflower under water-deficit stress conditions.

Keywords

Article Title [Persian]

ترکیب پذیری عملکرد دانه و برخی صفات فیزیولوژیک لاین‌های اینبرد آفتابگردان (.Helianthus annuus L) در شرایط آبیاری معمول و تنش کم‌آبی

Authors [Persian]

  • محمد عابدینی اسفهلانی 1
  • رضا فتوت 2
1 بخش تحقیقات زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان سمنان (شاهرود)، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، شاهرود
2 گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان
Abstract [Persian]

 
به منظور بررسی ترکیب ­پذیری لاین ­های اینبرد آفتابگردان در شرایط آبیاری معمول و تنش کم ­آبی و نیز وراثت برخی از صفات فیزیولوژیکی در این گیاه، هشت لاین اینبرد با تحمل به تنش متفاوت با سه لاین نر عقیم تلاقی داده شدند. 24 هیبرید حاصل به همراه 11 والد و یک هیبرید تجاری به نام برزگر به عنوان شاهد در یک طرح کرت­ های خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک­ های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. فاکتور آبیاری در کرت‌های اصلی در دو سطح نرمال (آبیاری بر اساس 100 درصد نیاز آبی) و تنش (قطع آبیاری از مرحله ظهور گل آذین) و 36 ژنوتیپ آفتابگردان در کرت‌های فرعی قرار گرفتند. در فصل رشد صفات شاخص کلروفیل، محتوای آب نسبی، تلفات آب برگ، سرعت رشد اولیه، دمای برگ و عملکرد دانه اندازه‌گیری شدند. تجزیه واریانس صفات بیانگر اثر معنی‌دار تنش کم ­آبی روی شاخص کلروفیل، محتوای آب نسبی، دمای برگ و عملکرد دانه بود. با توجه به نتایج تجزیه لاین × تستر، اثر لاین‌ها در شرایط نرمال از نظر  شاخص کلروفیل، تلفات آب برگ، سرعت رشد اولیه و عملکرد دانه و در شرایط تنش آبی از نظر شاخص کلروفیل و سرعت رشد اولیه معنی‌دار بود. در مورد تستر‌ها نیز از لحاظ شاخص کلروفیل، سرعت رشد اولیه و عملکرد دانه در شرایط نرمال و از لحاظ تلفات آب برگ، سرعت رشد اولیه و عملکرد دانه در شرایط تنش کم ­آبی اختلاف معنی‌دار وجود داشت. معنی‌دار بودن اثر لاین‌ها و تستر‌ها در مورد این صفات نشان دهنده تفاوت  بین ترکیب‌پذیری عمومی آن ­ها و وجود اثر افزایشی ژن‌ها بود. اثر متقابل لاین × تستر فقط در شرایط نرمال در مورد صفت عملکرد دانه معنی‌دار بود. شاخص کلروفیل و سرعت رشد اولیه از وراثت پذیری عمومی نسبتاً بالایی در هر دو شرایط آبیاری برخوردار بودند. عملکرد دانه نیز دارای وراثت پذیری عمومی نسبتا بالا در هر دو شرایط بود ولی وراثت پذیری خصوصی آن تنها در شرایط تنش کم ­آبی نسبتا بالا بود. برآورد اثرات ترکیب پذیری عمومی نشان داد که لاین‌های  C122 و  C123 و تستر A19 در هر دو شرایط دارای بیشترین مقدار مثبت ترکیب‌پذیری عمومی از لحاظ عملکرد دانه بودند. هیبرید A196 × C41 در شرایط نرمال و هیبرید A112 × C111 در شرایط تنش کم ­آبی دارای ترکیب‌پذیری خصوصی مثبت معنی‌داری بودند. از بین صفات فیزیولوژیکی مورد بررسی در شرایط نرمال فقط صفت تلفات آب برگ با عملکرد همبستگی معنی‌داری را نشان داد. در شرایط تنش کم ­آبی، تلفات آب برگ و سرعت رشد اولیه همبستگی مثبت معنی‌داری با عملکرد دانه داشتند در حالی که دمای برگ با عملکرد دانه همبستگی منفی نشان داد. در نتیجه، به نظر می رسد که از تلفات آب برگ، سرعت رشد اولیه و دمای برگ ​​می­ توان برای بهبود غیرمستقیم عملکرد دانه آفتابگردان تحت شرایط تنش کمبود آب استفاده کرد.

Keywords [Persian]

  • اثر ژن
  • لاین × تستر
  • وراثت پذیری
  • هیبرید

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Journal of Plant Physiology and Breeding
Volume 12, Issue 1
May 2022
Pages 123-133

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