Chlorophyll a fluorescence of common cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium L.) in response to Lumax herbicide with and without almond oil

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Plant Eco-Physiology, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran

2 Dryland Agricultural Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Maragheh, Iran

Abstract

Chlorophyll a fluorescence measurement is a useful tool for studying the herbicides' effects with different modes of action on the photosynthetic apparatus. In this research, the chlorophyll a fluorescence response of common cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium L.) plants was studied two days after the sole application of different doses of the Lumax herbicide (s-metolachlor + mesotrione + terbuthylazine), and combined with the almond oil. The quantum yield of energy dissipation (F0/Fm) and minimum fluorescence (F0) values of the plants treated with the 100% herbicide dose increased significantly from 0.16 to 0.25 and 296 to 391, respectively, two days after treatment. These changes in PSII resulted in the reduction of the maximum quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm) and the PSII function index (PIABS). Moreover, the application of high doses of the herbicide decreased the variable fluorescence (Fv), the maximum fluorescence (Fm), the size of the plastoquinone pool on the reducing side of photosystem II (Area), the maximum efficiency of water-splitting complex on the donor side of the photosystem II (Fv/F0), the energy needed for the closure of reaction centers (Sm), and the intermediate redox state of quinone A in the period from F0 to Fm. Our study revealed that the use of almond oil with the Lumax herbicide caused further reduction of the chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters in common cocklebur. The correlation between dry weight taken 28 days after the herbicide application and Fv/Fm measured two days after the herbicide application showed that assessing the chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters can speed up the rate of herbicide performance evaluation up to 12 times. The steeper slope of the regression line for herbicide with almond oil compared to the herbicide alone showed that almond oil could be a proper adjuvant to increase the herbicide efficiency.

Keywords


Article Title [Persian]

فلورسانس کلروفیل a توق (Xanthium strumarium L.) در پاسخ به اختلاط علف‌کش ترکیبی لوماکس با و بدون روغن بادام

Authors [Persian]

  • سیروس حسن نژاد 1
  • سهیلا پورحیدر غفاربی 2
  • الهام عباس وند 1
1 گروه اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز
2 موسسه تحقیقات کشاورزی دیم کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مراغه
Abstract [Persian]

اندازه‌گیری فلورسانس کلروفیل a ابزاری مناسب برای مطالعه اثر علف‌کش‌ها با نحوه عمل متفاوت روی دستگاه فتوسنتزی است. در این آزمایش، پاسخ‌های فلورسانس کلروفیل گیاهان توق (Xanthium strumarium L.) دو روز بعد از کاربرد دزهای مختلف علف‌کش لوماکس (اس- متالاکلر + مزوتریون + تربوتیلازین) به تنهایی و در ترکیب با روغن بادام مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. مقادیر عملکرد کوانتومی هدررفت انرژی (F0/Fm) و حداقل فلورسانس (F0) گیاهان تیمار شده با دز 100 درصدی علف‌کش در دو روز بعد از اعمال تیمار به شدت افزایش یافته و به ترتیب از 0.16 به 0.25 و از 296 به 391 ‌رسید. این تغییرات در فتوسیستم دو در نتیجه کاهش حداکثر عملکرد کوانتومی فتوسیستم دو (Fv/Fm) و شاخص کارایی فتوسیستم دو (PIABS) است. علاوه بر این، کاربرد دزهای بالای علف‌کش باعث کاهش فلورسانس متغیر (Fv)، حداکثر فلورسانس (Fm)، حجم کوئینون‌ها در بخش احیای فتوسیستم دو (Area)، حداکثر کارایی کمپلکس تجزیه ‌کننده در سمت دهنده الکترون فتوسیستم دو (Fv/F0)، انرژی موردنیاز برای بستن مراکز واکنش (Sm) و متوسط اکسیداسیون و احیای کوئینون A در بازه زمانی از F0 تا Fm شد. در نهایت، این مطالعه نشان داد که استفاده از روغن بادام با علف‌کش لوماکس باعث کاهش عمده پارامترهای فلورسانس کلروفیل a در توق شد. همبستگی بین وزن خشک اندازه‌گیری شده 28 روز بعد از کاربرد علف‌کش و Fv/Fm ارزیابی شده 2 روز بعد از کاربرد علف‌کش نشان داد که با ارزیابی سریع پارامترهای فلورسانس می‌توان سرعت بررسی‌های مربوط به اثربخشی علف‌کش را تا 12 مرتبه افزایش داد. شیب تند خط رگرسیون علف‌کش با روغن بادام در مقایسه با علف‌کش تنها نشان داد که روغن بادام می‌تواند به عنوان یک ماده افزودنی کارایی علف‌کش را افزایش دهد.
 

Keywords [Persian]

  • توق
  • دستگاه فتوسنتزی
  • رگرسیون
  • روغن بادام
  • علف‌کش
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