Improving some physiological and yield parameters of safflower by foliar sprays of Fe and Zn under drought stress

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Plant Ecophysiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran

2 Department of Agriculture, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

Water deficiency limits nutrient availability and causes physiological disruptions resulting in decreased crop productivity in the field. The spray of Fe and Zn on drought-stressed plants may reduce some of the detrimental impacts of this stress on crop performance. Thus, this research was laid out as a split-plot design based on a randomized complete block design with three replications to assess the effects of exogenous iron (Fe: 1 g/l) and Zinc (Zn: 1g/l) on safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) under different irrigation intervals (irrigation after 70, 100, 130, and 160 mm evaporation as normal irrigation, and mild, moderate, and severe water deficits, respectively). Water deficiency decreased green ground cover by reducing plant growth. Leaf water content, chlorophyll content index, capitols per plant, grains per plant, and 1000-grain weight also decreased but leaf temperature increased due to water limitation, leading to a significant loss in the grain yield per unit area under moderate and severe stresses. Foliar sprays of Zn and especially Fe considerably improved the grain yield of safflower under different irrigation intervals, via increasing leaf chlorophyll content, grains per capitol, and grains per plant. However, this superiority in the grain yield decreased with increasing water deficit, which shows that foliar sprays of Fe to a larger extent and Zn to a lesser extent can alleviate some detrimental impacts of mild and moderate water limitations on safflower plants.

Keywords

References

Amirinejad M, Akbari GH, Baghizadeh A, Allahdadi A, Shahbazi M, and Naimi M, 2016. Effects of drought stress and foliar application of zinc and iron on some biochemical parameters of cumin. Journal of Crop Improvement 17: 855-866. 
Amtmann A and Blatt MR, 2009. Regulation of macronutrient transport. New Phytologist 181: 35-52.
Azhar N, Hussain B, Ashraf MY, and Abbasi KY, 2011. Water stress mediated changes in growth, physiology and secondary metabolites of desi ajwain (Trachyspermum ammi L.). Pakistan Journal of Botany 43: 15-19.
Cakmak I, 2008. Enrichment of cereal grains with zinc: Agronomic or genetic bio-fortification. Plant and Soil 302: 1-17.
Camejo D, Rodriguez P, Angeles Morales M, Dell’Amico JM, Torrecillas A, and Alarcon JJ, 2005. High temperature effects on photosynthetic activity of two tomato cultivars with different heat susceptibility. Journal of Plant Physiology 162: 281-289.
Chadordooz-Jeddi A, Ghassemi-Gholezani K, and Zehtab-Salmasi S, 2015. The impact of seed size and aging on physiological performance of lentil under water stress. Journal of Plant Physiology and Plant Breeding 5: 13-21.  
Choudhary SK, Jat MK, and Mathur AK, 2017. Effect of micronutrient on yield and nutrient uptake in sorghum. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 6: 105-108.
Dalil B and Ghassemi-Golezani K, 2012. Changes in leaf temperature and grain yield of maize under different levels of irrigation. Research on Crops 13: 481-485.
ElBasyoni I, Saadalla M, Baenziger S, Bockelman H, and Morsy S, 2017. Cell membrane stability and association mapping for drought and heat tolerance in a worldwide wheat collection. Sustainability 9: 1-16.
Ghannoum O, 2009. C4 photosynthesis and water stress. Annals of Botany 103: 635-644.
Ghassemi-Golezani K, Bakhshi J, and Dalil B, 2015. Rate and duration of seed filling and yield of soybean affected by water and radiation deficits.  Acta Agriculturae Slovenica 105: 225-232.
Ghassemi-Golezani K, Heydari SH, and Dalil B, 2018. Field performance of maize (Zea mays L.) cultivars under drought stress. Acta Agriculturae Slovenica 111: 25-32.
Ghassemi-Golezani K, Mustafavi S, and Shafagh-Kalvanagh J, 2012. Field performance of chickpea cultivars in response to irrigation disruption at reproductive stages. Research on Crops 13: 107-112.
Ghassemi-Golezani K, Maghferati R, Zehtab-Salmasi S, and Dastborhan S, 2016. Influence of water deficit and nitrogen supply on grain yield and yield components of safflower. Advances in Bioresearch 7: 132-136.
Ghassemi-Golezani K and Solhi-Khajemarjan R, 2021. Changes in growth and essential oil content of dill (Anethum graveolens) organs under drought stress in response to salicylic acid. Journal of Plant Physiology and Breeding 11: 33-47.
Ghassemi-Golezani K, Zafarani-Moattar P, Raey Y, and Mohammadi M, 2010. Response of pinto bean cultivars to water deficit at reproductive stages. Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment 8: 801- 804.
Hassan M, Aamer M, Umer M, Haiying T, Shahzad B, Barbanti L, Nawaz M, Rasheed A, Afzal A, Liu Y, and Guoqin H, 2020. The critical role of zinc in plants facing the drought stress. Agriculture 10: 1-20.
Janmohammadi M, Amanzadeh T, Sabaghnia N, and Dashti S, 2016. Impact of foliar application of nano-micronutrient fertilizers and titanium dioxide nanoparticles on the growth and yield components of barley under supplemental irrigation. Acta Agriculturea Slovenica 107: 265-276.
Jones HG, 2007. Monitoring plant and soil water status: established and novel methods revisited and their relevance to studies of drought tolerance. Journal of Experimental Botany 58: 119-130.
Kaewsuksaeng S, Urano Y, Aiamla-or S, Shigyo M, and Yamauchi N, 2011. Effect of UV-B irradiation on chlorophyll-degrading enzyme activities and postharvest quality in stored lime (Citrus latifolia Tan.) fruit. Postharvest Biology and Technology 61: 124-30.
Kumar A, Choudhary A, Pooniya V, Suri K, and Singh U, 2016. Soil factors associated with micronutrient acquisition in crops-bio fortification perspective. In Singh U (Ed.). Bio Fortification of Food Crops. Pp. 159-176. Springer, India.
Marschner H, 1995. Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants. Academic Press, London.
Mohammadi M, Ghassemi-Golezani K, Zehtab-Salmasi S, and Nasrollahzade S, 2016. Assessment of some physiological traits in spring safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) cultivars under water stress. International Journal of Life Science 10: 58-64.
Muller JE and Whitsitt MS, 1996. Plant cellular response to water deficit. Plant Growth Regulation 20: 41-46.
Pan X, Lada RP, Caldwell CD, and Falk KC, 2011. Water-stress and N-nutrition effects on photosynthesis and growth of Brassica carinata. Photosynthetica 49: 309-315.
Pandey N, Pathak GC, and Sharma CP, 2006. Zinc is critically required for pollen function and fertilization in lentil. Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology 20: 89-96.
Ravi S, Channal HT, Hebsur NS, Patil BN, and Dharmatti PR, 2008. Effect of sulphur, zinc and iron nutrition on growth, yield, nutrient uptake and quality of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). Karnataka Journal of Agricultural Science 21: 382-385.
Rexroth S, Mullineaux CV, Ellinger D, Sendtko E, Rögner M, and Koenig F, 2011. The plasma membrane of the cyanobacterium Gloeobacter violaceus contains segregated bioenergetic domains. Plant Cell 23: 2379-2390.
Ritchie SW, Nguyan HT, and Holaday AS, 1990. Leaf water content and gas exchange parameters of two wheat genotypes differing in drought resistance. Crop Science 30: 105-111.
Rout GR and Sahoo S, 2015. Role of iron in plant growth and metabolism. Reviews in Agricultural Science 3: 1-24.
Saedh SE, EL-Abady MI, EL-Ghomary AM, and Farouk S, 2009. Influence of micronutrients foliar application and nitrogen fertilization on wheat yield and quality of grain and seed. Journal of Bio-Science 9:851-858.
Sales RMP, Fries DD, Bonomo P, Pires AJV, Campos CN, Brito PHR, Pereira IS, and Santos J, 2013. Effect of water stress on the growth of Arachis pintoi plants under different nitrogen levels. Revista Brasileria de Zoologia 42: 149-154.
Salvucci ME and Crafts-Brandner JS, 2004. Inhibition of photosynthesis by heat stress: the activation state of rubisco as a limiting factor in photosynthesis. Physiologia Plantarum 120: 179-86.
Samirnoff N, 1993. The role of active oxygen in the response of plants to water deficit and desiccation. New Phytologist 125: 27-58.
Sankarnarayanan K, Spraharaj C, Nalayini P, Bandypadyay KK, and Nopalakrishnan N 2010. Effect of magnesium, zinc, iron and boron application on yield and quality of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 80: 699-703.
Saseendran SA, Trout TJ, Ahuja LR, Ma L, McMaster GS, Nielsen, and Ham J, 2015. Quantifying crop water stress from soil water measurements in a limited irrigation experiment. Agricultural Systems 137: 191-205.
Shahanshah and Isoda A, 2015. Effects of water stress on leaf temperature and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in cotton and peanut. Plant Production Science 13(3): 269-278.
Tripathy D, Singh S, Gaur S, Singh S, Yadav V, Liu SH, Singh V, Sharma SH, Srivastava P, Prasad SH, Dubay N, Chauhan D, and Sahi SH, 2018. Acquisition and homeostasis of iron in higher plants and their probable role in abiotic stress tolerance. Frontiers in Environmental Sciences 5: 1-15.
Wang H, Liu RL, and Jin JY, 2009. Effects of zinc and soil moisture on photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of maize. Biologia Plantarum 53: 191-194.
Yordanov I, Velikova V, and Tsonev T, 2000. Plant responses to drought, acclimation and stress tolerance. Photosynthetica 38: 171-186.
Zhao W, Liu L, Shen Q, Yang j, Han X, Tian F, and Wu J, 2020. Effects of water stress on photosynthesis, yield and water use efficiency in winter wheat. Water 12: 21-27.
Zocchi G, De Nisi P, Dell’Orto M, Espen L, and Gallina PM, 2007. Iron deficiency differently affects metabolic responses in soybean roots. Journal of Experimental Botany 58: 993-1000.
Zolfaghari M, Pasari B, Shams K, Rokhzadi A, and Mohammadi KH, 2017. The effect of micronutrient foliar application on yield, seed quality and some biochemical traits of soybean cultivars under drought stress. Journal of Plant Nutrition 42: 2715-2730.
Xu Z, Zhou G, and Shimizu H, 2010. Plant responses to drought and rewatering. Plant Signaling and Behavior 5: 649-654.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Journal of Plant Physiology and Breeding
Volume 12, Issue 1
May 2022
Pages 15-27

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics