Floral morphology, pollen quality, and self-(in) compatibility in three natural Prunus interspecific hybrids

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Horticulture, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran

2 Temperate Fruits Research Center, Horticultural Science Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran

3 Department of Nanotechnology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran

Abstract

The occurrence of inter-specific hybrids between two species in nature has the potential ability to develop new fruit trees with desirable traits. In this study, flower morphology, viability, and in vitro germination of pollen grains and self-(in) compatibility, using fruit set (%) and fluorescence microscopy methods were examined in three promising natural Prunus interspecific hybrids [P. armeniaca × P. salicina (Bavanat) and P. cerasifera × P. armeniaca (Shiraz and Shahriar)]. Bavanat and Shiraz had the highest flower diameter, while the highest number and length of stamens, as well as stamen number/pistil length ratio, belonged to Shahriar. The highest and lowest pollen viability and in vitro germination were observed in Shahriar and Bavanat, respectively. In general, sucrose concentrations of 150 to 250 g/l increased in vitro pollen germination rate, although concentrations of more than 150 g/l had a negative effect on Bavanat. The three-year average (2018-2020) of final fruit set by self-pollination ranged from 0% in Shiraz to 1.3% in Shahriar. A strong positive correlation was found between the occurrence of twin pistils and the mean temperature from July-August in the previous year. According to field self-pollination and fluorescent microscopy, all three genotypes were considered self-incompatible and needed pollinizer varieties.

Keywords

Article Title [Persian]

بررسی مورفولوژی گل، کیفیت دانه گرده و خود(نا)سازگاری در سه دورگ بین گونه ای جنس Prunus

Authors [Persian]

  • یاسمین شمس الشعرا 1
  • رحیم قره شیخ بیات 2
  • سید مهدی میری 1
  • محی الدین پیرخضری 2
  • داریوش داوودی 3
1 گروه باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد کرج، کرج.
2 پژوهشکده میوه های معتدله و سردسیری، موسسسه تحقیقات علوم باغبانی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج
3 بخش تحقیقات نانوتکنولوژی، پژوهشگاه بیوتکنولوژی کشاورزی ایران، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج.
Abstract [Persian]

پیدایش دورگ­ های بین­ گونه ­ای به صورت طبیعی می ­تواند به طور بالقوه دستیابی به نمونه­ هایی از درختان میوه با صفات ارزشمند را ممکن سازد. مورفولوژی گل، زنده‌مانی و جوانه‌زنی درون شیشه‌ای دانه‌های گرده و خود(نا)سازگاری با مطالعه درصد تشکیل میوه و روش تعقیب لوله گرده با میکروسکوپ فلورسانس بعد از خودگرده افشانی کنترل شده در سه دورگ طبیعی بین‌گونه‌ای جنس Prunus شامل: [P. armeniaca × P. salicina (بوانات) و P. cerasifera × P. armeniaca  (شیراز و شهریار)] مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. دورگ ­های بوانات و شیراز بیشترین قطر گل را داشتند، درحالی که بیشترین تعداد و طول پرچم و نسبت تعداد پرچم به طول مادگی متعلق به دورگ شهریار بود. بیشترین و کمترین زنده‌مانی دانه گرده و جوانه‌زنی درون شیشه‌ای به ترتیب در دورگ­ های شهریار و بوانات مشاهده شد. به طور کلی، غلظت‌های ساکارز 150 تا 250 گرم در لیتر سرعت جوانه‌زنی دانه گرده در شرایط درون شیشه‌ای را افزایش داد، هرچند غلظت‌های بیش از 150 گرم در لیتر بر دورگ بوانات اثر منفی داشت. میانگین سه ساله (2020-2018) تشکیل میوه نهایی توسط خودگرده‌افشانی از صفر درصد در دورگ شیراز تا 1/3 درصد در دورگ شهریار متغیر بود. همبستگی مثبت معنی­ داری بین دوقلوزایی مادگی و میانگین دمای تیر‌-‌‌مرداد سال قبل مشاهده شد. نتایج آزمایش با میکروسکوپ فلورسانس نشان داد که هیچ لوله گرده‌ای 96 ساعت پس از خود گرده افشانی به تخمدان نرسیده است. بر اساس هر دو روش، هر سه ژنوتیپ خودناسازگار در نظر گرفته شدند که برای تولید میوه نیاز به ارقام گرده ­زا دارند.

Keywords [Persian]

  • تشکیل میوه
  • جوانه‌زنی درون شیشه‌ای
  • زنده‌مانی گرده
  • میکروسکوپ فلورسنت
  • هیبرید بین گونه‌ای

References

Abdallah D, Baraket Gh, Perez V, Ben Mustapha S, Salhi-Hannachi A, and Hormaza JI, 2019. Analysis of self-incompatibility and genetic diversity in diploid and hexaploid plum genotypes. Frontiers in Plant Science 10: 896.
Ahmadpoor A, Salari M, and Miri SM, 2022. Pruning and girdling influence alternative bearing of ‘Kinnow’ mandarin (Citrus reticulate Blanco). Journal of Horticulture and Postharvest Research 5(1): 13-20.
Asma BM, 2008. Determination of pollen viability, germination ratios and morphology of eight apricot genotypes. African Journal of Biotechnology 7(23): 4269-4273.
Audergon JM, Guerriero R, Monteleone P, and Viti R, 1999. Contribution to the study of inheritance of the character self-incompatibility in apricot. Acta Horticulturae 488: 275-280.
Azizi-Gannouni T and Ammari Y, 2020. Flowering of sweet cherries “Prunus avium” in Tunisia. In: Küden A and Küden A (Eds.). Prunus. IntechOpen.
Barzamini S and Fotouhi Ghazvini R, 2017. Pollinizer influence on fruit quality traits in Japanese plum (Prunus salicina Lindl.). International Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology 4(2): 229-237.
Beppu K and Kataoka I, 2011. Studies on pistil doubling and fruit set of sweet cherry in warm climate. Journal of the Japanese Society for Horticultural Science 80(1): 1-13.
Bolat I and Pirlak L, 1999. An investigation on pollen viability, germination and tube growth in some stone fruits. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry 23: 383-388.
Burgos L, Egea J, Guerriero R, Viti R, Monteleone P, and Audergon JM, 1997. The self-compatibility trait of the main apricot cultivars and new selections from breeding programs. Journal of Horticultural Science 72: 147-154.
Burgos L, Petri C, and Badenes ML, 2007. Prunus spp. In: Pua EC and Davey M (Eds.). Transgenic Crops. V. Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry. Pp. 283-307. Vol 60. Springer, Berlin, Germany.
Cici SZH and Van Acker RC, 2011. Gene flow in Prunus species in the context of novel trait risk assessment. Environmental Biosafety Research 9(2010): 75-85.
Das B, Ahmed N, and Singh P, 2011. Prunus diversity- early and present development:  a review. International Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation 3(14): 721-734.
Fernandez i Marti A, Castro S, DeJong TM, and Dodd RS, 2021. Evaluation of the S-locus in Prunus domestica, characterization, phylogeny and 3D modelling. PLoS ONE 16(5): e0251305.
Fotirić Akšić M, Cerović R, Hjeltnes SH, and Meland M, 2022. The effective pollination period of European plum (Prunus domestica L.) cultivars in western Norway. Horticulturae 8(1): 55.
Gharaghani A and Solhjoo S, 2021. Varietal diversification of stone fruits. In: Mir MM, Iqbal U, and Mir SA (Eds.). Production Technology of Stone Fruits. Pp. 1-56. Springer, Singapore.
Gharaghani A, Solhjoo S, and Oraguzie N, 2017. A review of genetic resources of almonds and stone fruits (Prunus spp.) in Iran. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 64(3): 611-640.
Guerrero BI, Guerra ME, and Rodrigo J, 2020. Establishing pollination requirements in Japanese plum by phenological monitoring, hand pollinations, fluorescence microscopy and molecular genotyping. Journal of Visualized Experiments 165: e61897.
Hegedüs A and Halász J, 2006. Self-incompatibility in plums (Prunus salicina Lindl., Prunus cerasifera Ehrh. and Prunus domestica L.): a mini review. International Journal of Horticultural Science 12(2): 137-140.
Herrera S, Lora J, Hormaza JI, Herrero M, and Rodrigo J, 2018. Optimizing production in the new generation of apricot cultivars: self-incompatibility, S-RNase allele identification, and incompatibility group assignment. Frontiers in Plant Science 9: 527.
Hummer KE and Janick J, 2009. Rosaceae: taxonomy, economic importance, genomics. In: Folta KM and Gardiner SE (Eds.). Genetics and Genomics of Rosaceae. Plant Genetics and Genomics: Crops and Models. Pp. 1-17.  Vol 6. Springer, New York, USA.
Iliev P, 1985. Degree of self-fertility in some Prunus domestica L. cultivars. Plant Science 22(7): 68-73.
Imani A, Goudarzi H, Miri SM, and Zeinalabedini M, 2015. Investigation, identification, and heritability of S and F alleles and vegetative characteristics in almond hybrids using morphological and molecular (PCR) markers. Journal of Biotechnology 5(2): 29-44.
Jamshidi AR, Imani A, and Miri SM, 2021. Identification of the pollinizer for a new almond genotype ‘Karaj 33’. Journal of Horticulture and Postharvest Research 4(4): 521-528.
Jia HJ, Yang X, He FJ, and Li B, 2013. Anatomical studies of ovule development in the post-bloom pistils of the 'Zuili' plum (Prunus salicina Lindl.). Journal of Zhejiang University Science B 14(9): 800-806.
Karayiannis I and Tsaftaris A, 1999. Investigation on the inheritance of self-incompatibility in apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) among F1 generation descendants. Acta Horticulturae 488: 295-302.
Lara MV, Bonghi C, Famiani F, Vizzotto G, Walker RP, and Drincovich MF, 2020. Stone fruit as biofactories of phytochemicals with potential roles in human nutrition and health. Frontiers in Plant Science 11: 562252.
Li M, Sang M, Wen Z, Meng J, Cheng T, Zhang Q, and Sun L, 2022. Mapping floral genetic architecture in Prunus mume, an ornamental woody plant. Frontiers in Plant Science 13: 828579.    
Milatović D and Nikolić D, 2007. Analysis of self-(in) compatibility in apricot cultivars using fluorescence microscopy. The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology 82(2): 170-174.
Milatović D, Nikolić D, and Radović M, 2015. Influence of temperature on pollen germination and pollen tube growth of plum cultivars. Sixth International Scientific Agricultural Symposium, Agrosym, Jahorina, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Pp. 378-382. doi: 10.7251/AGSY1505378M.
Milatović D, Nikolić D, Radović A, and Krška B, 2018. Fluorescence microscopy as a tool for determining self-incompatibility in apricot cultivars. Acta Horticulturae 1214: 7-14.
Minev I and Balev M, 2002. Interspecific hybrids of the Prunus genus bred at Rimsa, Troyan. Acta Horticulturae 577: 195-198.
Muñoz-Sanz JV, Zuriaga E, López I, Badenes ML, and Romero C, 2017. Self-(in) compatibility in apricot germplasm is controlled by two major loci, S and M. BMC Plant Biology 17(82).
Najafi P, Imani A, Miri SM, and Zinalabdini M, 2015. Identification and screening of homozygous and heterozygous almond progenies from self-pollinated Touno cultivar using PCR. Journal of Nuts 6(2): 155-164.
Nikolić D and Milatović D, 2010. Examining self-compatibility in plum (Prunus domestica L.) by fluorescence microscopy. Genetika 42(2): 387-396.
Nyéki J and Szabó Z, 1996. Fruit set of plum cultivars under Hungarian ecological conditions. Acta Horticulturae 423: 185-192.
Okie WR and Hancock J, 2008. Plums. In: Hancock JF (Ed.). Temperate Fruit Crop Breeding. Pp. 337-358. Springer, Dordrecht, Netherlands.
Piri S, Kiani E, and Sedaghathoor S, 2022. Study on fruitset and pollen-compatibility status in sweet cherry (Prunus avuim L.) cultivars. Erwerbs-Obstbau 64(2): 165-170.
Rodrigo J and Herrero M, 2002. Effects of pre-blossom temperatures on flower development and fruit set in apricot. Scientia Horticulturae 92: 125-135.
Shamsolshoara Y, Miri SM, Gharesheikhbayat R, Pirkhezri M, and Davoodi D, 2021. Phenological, morphological, and pomological characterizations of three promising plum and apricot natural hybrids. Taiwania 66(4): 466-478.
Sharafi Y, 2011. In vitro pollen germination in stone fruit tree of Rosaceae family. African Journal of Agricultural Research 6(28): 6021-6026.
Shirani Rad S, Bouzari N, and Miri SM, 2017. Classification of some new Iranian sweet cherry (P. avium) genotype based on morpho-physiological diversity using multivariate analysis. Proceedings of the 1st International Conference and 10th National Horticultural Science Congress of Iran, September 4-7, Tehran, Iran.
Sulusoglu M and Cavusoglu A, 2014. In Vitro pollen viability and pollen germination in cherry laurel (Prunus laurocerasus L.). The Scientific World Journal ID: 657123.
Suranyi D, 1976. Differentiation of self-fertility and self-sterility in Prunus by stamen number/pistil length ratio. HortScience 11: 406-407.
Tushabe D and Rosbakh S, 2021. A compendium of in vitro germination media for pollen research. Frontiers in Plant Science 12: 709945.
Westwood MN, 1978. Temperate-Zone Pomology. W. H. Freeman, San Francisco, USA.
Wu X, Shi T, Iqbal S, Zhang Y, Liu L, and Gao Z, 2019. Genome-wide discovery and characterization of flower development related long non-coding RNAs in Prunus mume. BMC Plant Biology 19(64).
Yaman M and Uzun A, 2020. Evaluation of superior hybrid individuals with intra and interspecific hybridization breeding in apricot. International Journal of Fruit Science 20 (Supplement 3): S2045-S2055.
Zarifi E and Gharesheikhbayat R, 2018. Karyological study of apricot, cherry plum and a natural hybrid in the Prunus genus “TANASGOL” (P. cerasifera × P. spp.). Rostaniha 19(1): 1-10 (In Persian with English abstract).
Zarrinbal M, Soleimani A, Baghban Kohnehrouz B, and Dejampour J, 2018. Self-compatibility in some apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) genotypes. Crop Breeding Journal 8(1 & 2): 49-59.
Zhang Q and Gu D, 2015. Development of a new hybrid between Prunus tomentosa Thunb. and Prunus salicina Lindl. HortScience 50(4): 517-519.
Journal of Plant Physiology and Breeding
Volume 12, Issue 1
May 2022
Pages 109-122

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics