Physiological responses of Ulmus minor Mill. to ozone, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen dioxide in regions with different levels of atmospheric pollutants in Iran

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran

Abstract

The present study was aimed to investigate the physiological responses of the leaves of Ulmus minor to air pollutants such as ozone, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen dioxide to verify the ability of this species to resistant the air pollutants. The leaves of Ulmus minor Mill. were collected from one location (Chaloos) in the Mazandaran province with lower air pollution and three locations in the Tehran province (Tajrish, Park Laleh, and Park Shahr) with higher air pollutions. The leaves were randomly collected from the middle part of the crowns in each sampling location with five replications and the growth and physiological characters were measured. The climate factors of the sampling locations were also evaluated. The results showed that dry matter, protein, chlorophyll a, anthocyanin, and activity of the peroxidase enzyme in the plants grown in Park Shahr with higher amount of air pollutants was almost 35, 50, 30, 50, and 40 percent higher than those of the plants grown in Chaloos with the lower amount of air pollutants, respectively. The number and intensity of peroxidase isoenzyme bands were significantly higher in the leaves of plants collected from the locations in Tehran province. However, the prominent role of rainfall on the physiological responses of Ulmus minor cannot be ignored. It seems that Ulmus minor is a resistant tree to air pollutants and it might be considered as a biological filter in removing gaseous pollutants in areas like Tehran city to improve air quality.

Keywords

References

Abeles FB and Biles CL, 1991. Characterization of peroxidases in lignifying peach fruit endocarp. Plant Physiology 95(1): 269-273.
Agbaire PO and Esiefarienrhe E, 2009. Air pollution tolerance indices (apti) of some plants around Otorogun Gas Plant in Delta State, Nigeria. Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 13(1): 11-14.
Akhtar MS, Oki Y, and Adachi T, 2009. Mobilization and acquisition of sparingly soluble P‐sources by Brassica cultivars under P‐starved environment. I. Differential growth response, P‐efficiency characteristics and P‐remobilization. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 51(11): 1008-1023.
Akyuz M and Cabuk H, 2009. Meteorological variations of PM2.5/PM10 concentrations and particle-associated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the atmospheric environment of Zonguldak, Turkey. Journal of Hazardous Materials 170: 13-21.
Assadi A, Pirbalouti AG, Malekpoor F, Teimori N, and Assadi L, 2011. Impact of air pollution on physiological and morphological characteristics of Eucalyptus camaldulensis. Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment 9(2): 676-679.
Beirle S, Boersma KF, Platt U, Lawrence MG, and Wagner T, 2011. Megacity emissions and lifetimes of nitrogen oxides probed from space.  Science 333(6050): 1737-1739.
Bradford MM, 1976. A rapid and sensitive method for quantization of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye-binding. Analytical Biochemistry 72(1-2): 248-254.
Bosu PP and Wagner MR, 2014. Effects of induced water stress on leaf trichome density and foliar nutrients of three elm (Ulmus) species: implications for resistance to the elm leaf beetle. Environmental Entomology 36(3): 595-601.
Chen CP, Frank TD, and Long SP, 2009. Is a short, sharp shock equivalent to long‐term punishment? Contrasting the spatial pattern of acute and chronic ozone damage to soybean leaves via chlorophyll fluorescence imaging. Plant, Cell & Environment 32(4): 327-335.
da Rosa Santos AC and Furlan CM, 2013. Levels of phenolic compounds in Tibouchina pulchra after fumigation with ozone. Atmospheric Pollution Research 4(3): 250-256.
De Kok LJ, 1990. Sulfur metabolism in plants exposed to atmospheric sulfur. In Rennen­berg H et al. (eds.). Sulfur Nutrition and Sulfur Assimilation in Higher Plants. Pp. 111-130. Academic Publishers, The Hague, Netherlands. 
Dobbertin M, 2005. Tree growth as indicator of tree vitality and of tree reaction to environmental stress: a review. European Journal of Forest Research 124(4): 319-333.
Emami A, 1996. Methods of plant analysis. Soil and Water Research Institute. Vol.1, Tehran, Iran (In Persian).
Farhadi R, Hadavifar M, Moeinaddini, M, and Amintoosi, M, 2018. Sensitivity analysis of meteorological parameters and instability‎ indices on concentration of carbon monoxide, particulate‎ matter, and air quality index in Tehran. Ecopersia 6(2): 91-100.
Flowers MD, Fiscus EL, Burkey KO, Booker FL, and Dubois JJB, 2007. Photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence, and yield of snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes differing in sensitivity to ozone. Environmental and Experimental Botany 61(2): 190-198.
Francini A, Nali C, Pellegrini E and Lorenzini G, 2008. Characterization and isolation of some genes of the shikimate pathway in sensitive and resistant Centaurea jacea plants after ozone exposure. Environmental Pollution 151: 272-279.
Fredeen AL, Raab TK, Rao IM, and Terry N, 1990. Effects of phosphorus nutrition on photosynthesis in Glycine max (L.) Merr. Planta 181: 399-405.
Gerosa G, Marzuoli R, Bussotti F, Pancrazi M, and Ballarin-Denti A, 2003. Ozone sensitivity of Fagus sylvatica and Fraxinus excelsior young trees in relation to leaf structure and foliar ozone uptake. Environmental Pollution 125(1): 91-98.
Gratani L, Crescente MA, and Petruzzi M, 2000. Relationship between leaf life-span and photosynthetic activity of Quercus ilex in polluted urban areas (Rome). Environmental Pollution 110(1): 19-28.
Han X and Naeher PL, 2006. A review of traffic-related air pollution exposure assessment studies in the developing world. Environment International 32: 106-120.
Holman C, 1999. Sources of air pollution. In: Maynard R et al. (eds.). Air Pollution and Health. Pp. 115-148. Academic Press.
Iranmanesh Y, Korori SAA, Espahbodi K, and Azadfar D, 2009. Comparison of qualitative and quantitative activities of peroxidase in different organs of Sorbus torminalis (L.) Crantz. Iran. Plant Breeding and Genetic Research 17(1): 155-165 (In Persian with English abstract).
Jacobson JS and Hill AC, 1970. Recognition of air pollution injury to vegetation. A pictorial atlas. Pittsburg, Pa. Air Pollution Control Association, New York
Jiang Y and Huang B, 2001. Drought and heat injury to two cool-season turf grasses in relation to antioxidant metabolism and lipid peroxidation. Crop Science 41: 436-442.
Jiang XQ, Mei XD, and Feng D, 2016. Air pollution and chronic airway diseases: what should people know and do? Journal of Thoracic Disease 8(1): 31-40.
Joshi PC and Swami A, 2009. Air pollution induced changes in the photosynthetic pigments of selected plant species. Journal of Environmental Biology 30(2): 295-298.
Juan CA, Perez de la Lastra JM, Plou FJ and Perez-Lebena, E. 2021. The chemistry of reactive oxygen species (ROS) revisited: outlining their role in biological macromolecules (DNA, lipids, and proteins) and induced pathologies. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, 4642.
Khademian Amiri S, Aghajanzadeh TA, Jafari N and Mahmoudi M, 2020. Antioxidative compounds and enzymes, and nutrient elements in Stachys byzantina are altered by climate conditions not by soil parameters. Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences 20(2): 1-18.
Khan S, Riaz N, Afza N, Malik A, Aziz-ur-Rehman Iqbal L, and Lateef M, 2009. Antioxidant constituents from Cotoneaster racemiflora. Journal of Asian Natural Products Research 11(1): 44-48.
Kjeldahl C, 1883. A new method for the determination of nitrogen in organic matter. Fresenius' Zeitschrift für Analytische Chemie 22(1): 366-382
Kolb TE, Fredericksen TS, Steiner, KC, and Skelly JM, 1997. Issues in scaling tree size and age responses to ozone: a review. Environmental Pollution 98(2): 195-208.‏
Lichtenthaler HK, 1987. Chlorophylls and carotenoids: pigments of photosynthetic biomembranes. Methods in Enzymology 148: 350-382.
Li J, Li X, Li Z, Zhang L, Liu Y, Ding H, and Yin S, 2017. Isofraxidin, a coumarin component improves high-fat diet induced hepatic lipid homeostasis disorder and macrophage inflammation in mice. Food & Function 8(8): 2886-2896.
Locy RD, Chang CC, Nielsen BL, and Singh NK, 1996. Photosynthesis in salt-adapted heterotrophic tobacco cells and regenerated plants. Plant Physiology 110(1): 321-328.
Malhotra H, Vandana, Sharma S, and Pandey R, 2018. Phosphorus nutrition: plant growth in response to deficiency and excess. In: Hasanuzzaman M et al. (eds.). Plant Nutrients and Abiotic Stress Tolerance. Pp. 171-190. Springer
Masukasu H, Karin O, and Kyoto H, 2003. Enhancement of anthocyanin biosynthesis by sugar in radish (Raphanus sativus) hypocotyls. Plant Science 164(2): 259-265.
Mozaffarian V, 2005. Trees and shrubs of Iran. Farhang Moaser Publishers, Tehran, Iran (In Persian).
Muneer S, Kim TH, Choi BC, Lee BS, and Lee JH, 2014. Effect of CO, NOx, and SO2 on ROS production, photosynthesis, and ascorbate–glutathione pathway to induce Fragaria × Annasa as a hyperaccumulator. Redox Biology 2: 91-98.
Murchie EH and Niyogi KK, 2011. Manipulation of photoprotection to improve plant photosynthesis. Plant Physiology 155: 86-92.
Nakano Y and K Asada, 1981. Hydrogen peroxide is scavenged by ascorbate-specific peroxidase in spinach chloroplasts. Plant and Cell Physiology 22(5): 867-880.
Niinemets U, 1999. Components of leaf dry mass per area–thickness and density–alter leaf photosynthetic capacity in reverse directions in woody plants. New Phytologist 144(1): 35-47.
Okano K and Totsuka T, 1986. Absorption of nitrogen dioxide by sunflower plants grown at various levels of nitrate. New Phytologist 102: 551-562.
Oskuei BK, Valizadeh M, and Rostaei, M, 2013. Antioxidant isoenzymes activities in seedling roots of wheat exposed to drought stress. Journal of Plant Physiology and Breeding 3(2): 33-40.‏
Samet J, Buist S, Bascom R, Garcia J, Lipsett M, Mauderly J, Mannino D, Rand C, Romieu I, Utell M, Wagner G, Bates DV, Billingsley ML, Gelobter M, Hobbs BF, Kleenberger S, Leidy NK, London S, McDonneli WF, Schwela D and Wiley JC, 2000. What constitutes an adverse health effect of air pollution? American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 161(2): 665-673.
Schmutz P, Tarjan D, Gunthardt-Goerg MS, Matyssek R and Bucher JB, 1995. Nitrogen dioxide- a gaseous fertilizer of poplar trees. Phyton 35: 219-232.
Seyyednejad S, Niknejad M, and Koochak H, 2011. A review of some different effects of air pollution on plants. Research Journal of Environmental Sciences 5(4): 302-309.
Sheng Q and Zhu Z, 2019. Effects of nitrogen dioxide on biochemical responses in 41 garden plants. Plants 8(2): 1-15.
Singleton VL, Orthofer R, and Lamuela-Raventos RM, 1999. Analysis of total phenols and other oxidation substrates and antioxidants by means of folin-ciocalteu reagent. Methods in Enzymology 299: 152-178.
Steubing L, Fangmier A, and Both R, 1989. Effects of SO2, NO2, and O3 on population development and morphological and physiological parameters of native herb layer species in a beech forest. Environmental Pollution 58: 281-302.
Swietlicki E, Puri S, Hansson HC, and Edner H, 1996. Urban air pollution source apportionment using a combination of aerosol and gas monitoring techniques. Atmospheric Environment 30(15): 2795-2809.
Thygesen L, Thulin J, Mortensen A, Skibsted LH, and Molgaard P, 2007. Antioxidant activity of cichoric acid and alkamides from Echinacea purpurea, alone and in combination. Food Chemistry 101(1): 74-81.
Timperio AM, Egidi MG, and Zolla L, 2008. Proteomics applied on plant abiotic stresses: role of heat shock proteins (HSP). Journal of Proteomics 71(4): 391-411.
Woo SY and Je SM, 2006. Photosynthetic rates and antioxidant enzyme activity of Platanus occidentalis growing under two levels of air pollution along the streets of Seoul. Journal of Plant Biology 49: 315-319.
Yoo JM, Lee YR, Kim D, Jeong MJ, Stockwell WR, Kundu PK, Oh SM, Shin DB, and Lee SJ, 2014. New indices for wet scavenging of air pollutants (O3, CO, NO2, SO2, and PM10) by summertime rain. Atmospheric Environment 82: 226-237.
Zeevaart AJ, 1976. Some effects of fumigating plants for short periods with NO2.  Environmental Pollution 11(2): 97-108.
Zhang Z, Zhang X, Gong D, Quan W, Zhao X, Ma Z, and Kim SJ, 2015. Evolution of surface O3 and PM2.5 concentrations and their relationships with meteorological conditions over the last decade in Beijing. Atmospheric Environment 108: 67-75.
Zhou Q, Jiang Z, Zhang X, Zhang T, Zhu H, Cui B, Li Y, Zhao F, and Zhong Z, 2019. Leaf anatomy and ultrastructure in senescing ancient tree, Platycladus orientalis L. (Cupressaceae). Peer J 7, e6766.
Zuckerbraun BS, Chin BY, Bilban M, d'Avila JC, Rao J, Billiar TR, and Otterbein LE, 2007. Carbon monoxide signals via inhibition of cytochrome c oxidase and generation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology Journal 21(4): 1099-1106.
 
 
Journal of Plant Physiology and Breeding
Volume 11, Issue 1
June 2021
Pages 49-62

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics