Morphological and physiological responses to drought stress in eleven genotypes of the Juniperus species

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Horticultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.

2 Technology and Production Management Department, Citrus and Subtropical Research Fruits Center, Ramsar, Iran.

3 Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.

Abstract

Drought is one of the most prevalent and critical environmental stresses affecting a variety of plants, particularly ornamental plants. One of the useful methods to alleviate the effect of drought stress is to screen for and develop drought-tolerant varieties. In this study, a factorial experiment based on the completely randomized design was conducted to investigate the responses of 11 genotypes from different Juniperus species at two irrigation regimes (normal, drought: not irrigated for a four-week period) in terms of growth and biochemical characters.Drought stress had a significant negative impact on the assessed growth characters. The G3 and G8 genotypes had the highest root fresh weight and root dry weight at both normal and water-deficit stress conditions. G3 showed the highest root volume at normal conditions but at the drought stress, the highest root volume belonged to G1 and G8. At drought stress conditions, the leaf fresh weight and dry weight of G9, G8, G6, G4, G3 and G11 were higher than other genotypes. The stem fresh weight of G3 and G11 and the stem dry weight of G11 and G8 manifested higher values than other genotypes when water deficit stress was imposed. Stem diameter decreased in the seedlings at the drought stress, however, G2, G3, G4, G8, G9 and G11 had higher values than others at stress conditions. The relative water content decreased in the plants under stress, however, the reduction in G3, G5 and G6 were smaller than the rest of the genotypes. Among the genotypes, G5 and G3 showed the highest antioxidant activity under water-deficit stress. The genotypes G1, G6, G7 and G8 had also a notable increase in the antioxidant activity at drought stress conditions. Under drought stress, the highest increase in the proline content belonged to G3 followed by G5, G6 and G7 and the G5, G6, G10 and G8 genotypes had the highest amount of soluble sugars. In conclusion, G3 (Juniperus chinensis var. Sargentii) and G8 (Juniperus chinensis ‘Kallayʼs Compact’) showed mainly better performance under drought stress, which can be suggested as candidate drought-tolerant genotypes to be used in breeding programs for the sustainable development of urban landscape in arid and semi-arid areas. Although G5 (Juniperus procumbens ‘Nana’) had low biomass in this experiment, it showed high antioxidant activity, proline and soluble sugars at the drought stress conditions. Therefore, further investigation is needed, especially at more severe drought stress conditions, to elucidate its outstanding response to drought stress in terms of antioxidant activity and proline and soluble sugars content.

Keywords

Article Title [Persian]

بررسی پاسخ های مرفولوژیکی و فیزیولوژیکی به تنش خشکی در یازده ژنوتیپ اُرس

Authors [Persian]

  • ساقی کیقبادی 1
  • رضا فتئحی قزوینی 1
  • یحیی تاج ور 2
  • عاطفه صبوری 3
1 گروه باغبانی، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت.
2 گروه فناوری و مدیریت تولید، پژوهشکده مرکبات و میوه های نیمه گرمسیری، رامسر.
3 گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت.
Abstract [Persian]

خشکی یکی از مهمترین تنش­ های محیطی است که انواع گیاهان از جمله گیاهان زینتی را تحت تاثیر قرار می­ دهد. یکی از روش­ های مفید برای کاهش اثر تنش خشکی، غربالگری و تولید واریته ­های مقاوم به خشکی است.  در این مطالعه پژوهشی به‌ صورت آزمایش فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی با 11 ژنوتیپ رونده اُرس، در دو سطح آبیاری (آبیاری نرمال و تنش خشکی برای چهار هفته) از نظر صفات رشدی و بیوشیمیایی انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که تنش خشکی تأثیر منفی قابل توجهی بر ویژگی­ های رشد مورد ارزیابی دارد. ژنوتیپ­ های G3 و G8 دارای بیشترین وزن تر ریشه و وزن خشک ریشه در دو شرایط عادی و تنش کمبود آب بودند. G3 بیشترین حجم ریشه را در شرایط آبیاری نرمال نشان داد ولی در تنش خشکی بیشترین حجم ریشه متعلق به G1 و G8 بود. در شرایط تنش خشکی، وزن تر و خشک برگ G9 ، G8 ، G6 ، G4 ، G3 و G11 بیشتر از سایر ژنوتیپ ­ها بود. وزن تر ساقه G3 و G11 و وزن خشک ساقه G11 و G8 به هنگام اعمال تنش کمبود آب، دارای مقادیر بالاتری در مقایسه با سایر ژنوتیپ­ ها بود. قطر ساقه تحت تأثیر منفی تنش خشکی قرار گرفت ولی  ژنوتیپ­ های G2،  G3، G4،  G8، G9  G11 به طور نسبی بیشترین مقدار را در بین ژنوتیپ­  ها داشتند. محتوای نسبی آب در گیاهان تحت تنش کم­ آبی کاهش یافت. با وجود این، کاهش این صفت در G3 ، G5 و G6 کمتر  از بقیه ژنوتیپ­ ها بود. در میان ژنوتیپ ­ها، G5 و G3 بیشترین فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی را تحت تنش کمبود آب نشان دادند. ژنوتیپ­ های G1 ، G6 ، G7 و G8 نیز در شرایط تنش خشکی افزایش قابل توجهی در فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی داشتند. در شرایط تنش خشکی، بیشترین افزایش محتوای پرولین متعلق به G3 و پس از آن G5 ، G6 و G7 بود و ژنوتیپ­ های G5 ، G6 ، G10 و G8 از بیشترین مقدار قندهای محلول برخوردار شدند. به طور کلی، G3 (Juniperus chinensis var. Sargentii) و G8 (Juniperus chinensis ‘Kallayʼs Compact’) عمدتا عملکرد بهتری را تحت تنش خشکی نشان دادند که می توان آن­ ها را به عنوان ژنوتیپ­ های مقاوم به خشکی برای استفاده در برنامه ­های اصلاح نبات برای توسعه پایدار فضای سبز شهری در مناطق خشک و نیمه خشک در نظر گرفت. اگرچه G5 (Juniperus procumbens ‘Nana’) در این آزمایش در شرایط تنش خشکی زیست توده پایینی داشت، ولی فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی و محتوای پرولین و قندهای محلول بالایی را نشان داد. بنابراین، تحقیقات بیشتری، به ویژه در شرایط تنش خشکی شدیدتر، مورد نیاز است تا علت پاسخ برجسته آن به تنش خشکی از نظر فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی و محتوای پرولین و قندهای محلول روشن شود.

Keywords [Persian]

  • اُرس
  • تنش خشکی
  • صفات مورفولوژیکی و فیزیولوژیکی
  • فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی

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Journal of Plant Physiology and Breeding
Volume 10, Issue 2
December 2020
Pages 121-132

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