Physiological and agro-morphological response of potato to drought stress and hormone application

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 PhD student of Crop Physiology, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran.

2 Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran.

Abstract

Potato is considered as a drought sensitive plant. To study the effect of drought stress and hormone on agro-morphological and physiological traits of potato, an experiment was carried out as split plot design based on randomized complete blocks with three replications in 2015 and 2016. The irrigation levels were control (well-watered), mild stress, severe stress and extreme stress, which were arranged in main plots. The second factor included four spaying treatments that were arranged in sub-plots. The foliar applications were as follows: no foliar application (control), gibberellic acid, epibrassinolide and acetyl salicylic acid. Results showed that drought stress and hormones had significant effect on most of the agro-morphological and physiological traits of potato. Leaf dry weight, shoot dry weight, tuber dry weight, plant height, number of stolons, number of tubers, leaf area index (LAI), relative water content (RWC), net photosynthesis rate, transpiration rate, intercellular CO2 concentration and stomatal conductance decreased, while amount of water saturation deficit (WSD) increased by the drought stress. It seems that the negative impact of drought stress on physiological traits, such as RWC, adversely affected the agro-morphological traits of potato. Except for chlorophyll index, hormones significantly affected agro-morphological and physiological traits of the potato plants. Epibrassinolide improved RWC, WUE, intercellular CO2 concentration, tuber dry matter, plant height, number of stolons, leaf dry weight, shoot dry weight and tuber dry weight, while application of gibberellic acid had better effects on LAI, WSD, transpiration rate and number of tubers as compared to epibrassinolide. In fact, these hormones mitigated the negative effects of drought stress in potato.
 

Keywords

Article Title [Persian]

پاسخ فیزیولوژیکی و زراعی- مورفولوژیکی سیب‌زمینی به تنش کم‌آبی و کاربرد تنظیم‌کننده‌های رشد

Abstract [Persian]

چکیده
سیب‌زمینی به‌عنوان یک گیاه حساس به تنش کم‌آبی در نظر گرفته می‌شود. به منظور بررسی تأثیر تنش کم‌آبی و تنظیم‌کننده‌های رشد بر صفات فیزیولوژیکی و زراعی-مورفولوژیکی سیب‌زمینی، آزمایشی به‌صورت کرت‌های خرد شده بر پایه طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال‌های 1394 و 1395 اجرا شد. سطوح تنش کم‌آبی، شامل شاهد (آبیاری مطلوب)، تنش خفیف، تنش متوسط و تنش شدید، در کرت­های اصلی منظور شدند. کرت­های فرعی شامل محلول‌پاشی تنظیم‌کننده‌های رشد در چهار سطح، یعنی شاهد، اپی‌براسینولید، ‌اسید ژیبرلیک و ‌‌اسید استیل‌‌سالیسیلیک، بودند. نتایج نشان داد که تنش کم‌آبی و تنظیم‌کننده‌های رشد تأثیر معنی‌داری بر اغلب صفات زراعی-مورفولوژیکی و فیزیولوژیکی سیب‌زمینی داشتند. وزن خشک برگ، وزن خشک ساقه، وزن خشک غده، ارتفاع گیاه، تعداد استولن، تعداد غده، شاخص سطح برگ، محتوای نسبی آب برگ، غلظت دی‌اکسید‌کربن بین سلولی و هدایت روزنه‌ای در اثر تنش کم‌آبی کاهش یافت، در حالی‌که مقدار کمبود اشباع آب برگ افزایش یافت. به نظر می­رسد که اثر منفی تنش کم‌آبی روی صفات فیزیولوژیکی، مانند محتوای نسبی آب برگ،  بر ویژگی‌های زراعی-مورفولوژیکی سیب­زمینی تأثیر نامطلوب گذاشته­است. به جز شاخص کلروفیل، تنظیم‌کننده‌های رشد به‌طور معنی‌داری صفات زراعی-مورفولوژیکی و فیزیولوژیکی سیب‌زمینی را تحت تأثیر قرار دادند. اپی‌براسینولید محتوای نسبی آب برگ، کارایی مصرف آب، غلظت دی‌اکسید‌کربن بین سلولی، درصد ماده خشک غده، ارتفاع گیاه، تعداد استولن، وزن خشک برگ،  وزن خشک ساقه و وزن خشک غده را نسبت به سایر تنظیم‌کننده‌های رشد افزایش داد، در حالی که ‌اثر اسید ژیبرلیک روی شاخص سطح برگ، مقدار کمبود اشباع آب برگ، میزان تعرق و تعداد غده بهتر از اپی‌براسینولید بود. در واقع، تنظیم‌کننده‌های رشد اثرات منفی تنش کم‌آبی را کاهش دادند.
 
 
 

Keywords [Persian]

  • شاخص سطح برگ
  • فتوسنتز
  • محتوای نسبی آب برگ
  • هدایت روزنه‌ای
  • هورمون‌های رشدی
  • وزن غده

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Journal of Plant Physiology and Breeding
Volume 9, Issue 1
June 2019
Pages 47-61

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