University of Tabriz
Journal of Plant Physiology and Breeding
2008-5168
2821-0174
7
1
2017
06
01
Effects of Priming with Salicylic Acid on Safflower Seedlings Photosynthesis and Related Physiological Parameters
1
13
EN
Leila
Mohammadi
Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
Farid
Shekari
Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
shekari@znu.ac.ir
Jalal
Saba
Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
saba@znu.ac.ir
Esmaeil
Zangani
Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
zangani.ramin@gmail.com
Generally, primed seeds produce larger and heavier plants than non-primed seeds. This may be simply due to rapid emergence and extension of leaf growth, or the influence of other physiological processes. The effect of seed pretreatment with salicylic acid (SA) on some physiological and photosynthetic characteristics of the safflower seedlings, cv. Goldasht, was examined under field condition. The treatments were different levels of SA (including zero or hydropriming, 400, 800, 1200, 1600, 2000 and 2400 µM and a treatment of the non-primed seeds as the control). Priming enhanced photosynthesis rate (P<sub>N</sub>) chlorophyll content index (CCI), relative water content (RWC) and seedling dry weight. Also, primed seeds had higher stomatal conductance (gs) and transpiration rate (E) than the control and the hydroprimed treatments. The lowest intercellular CO<sub>2</sub> (Ci) and highest cell membrane stability was obtained in 2400 µM SA. But values of the control treatment were opposite. In addition, highest carboxylation efficiency (CE) and photosynthetic water use efficiency (WUE<sub>b</sub>) were found in 2000 and 2400 µM of SA. It seems seed priming with SA, increased gs and hence P<sub>N</sub> by improving RWC status. This was associated with enhanced WUE and CE at higher levels of SA. A positive relationship was found between WUE<sub>b</sub> and P<sub>N</sub>, CE and RWC but negative relationship with Ci. It seems that increase in plants dry weight by priming not only was the result of rapid growth rate, but also the enhancement of P<sub>N</sub>, RWC and chlorophyll content.<br />
Carboxylation efficiency,Cell membrane stability,Photosynthetic rate,Relative Water Content,Water Use Efficiency
https://breeding.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_6281.html
https://breeding.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_6281_e1646caa373642a555a91f731d8ab226.pdf
University of Tabriz
Journal of Plant Physiology and Breeding
2008-5168
2821-0174
7
1
2017
06
01
Efficiency of Folic Acid in Improving Yield and Fruit Quality of Strawberry
15
25
EN
Jila
Raeisi
MSc Student, Department of Horticultural Sciences, College of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
jilaraeisi@gmail.com
Zahra
Pakkish
Assistant Professor, Department of Horticultural Sciences, College of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
zahrapakkish@uk.ac.ir
Vahid Reza
Saffari
Associate Professor, Department of Horticultural Sciences, College of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
saffarivr@uk.ac.ir
In this research the effect of application of different levels of folic acid and time on some quality and agronomic characteristics of strawberry (cultivar Paros) was investigated. The plants were treated by folic acid with concentrations of 0, 20 and 40 mM at two stages (30 days after planting and first blooming) as a factorial experiment using a randomized complete block design with four replications in the greenhouse conditions. Results showed that fruits of treated plants by folic acid, as compared to the control treatment improved quality and agronomic characteristics. Application of folic acid increased yield, weight of primary and secondary fruits and number of their achenes, total soluble solid, inducing sugar, titratable acidity, anthocyanin, phenol, and vitamin C. The most effective treatment with the best spraying time was 40 mM folic acid at 30 days after planting. The present study is the first evidence that folic acid enhances fruit quality and yield of strawberry.<br />
Folic acid,Quality characteristics,Strawberry,Yield and Yield Components
https://breeding.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_6361.html
https://breeding.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_6361_60b2968f6cb131a87cb10e4c2f851ba4.pdf
University of Tabriz
Journal of Plant Physiology and Breeding
2008-5168
2821-0174
7
1
2017
06
01
Trichoderma-Induced Enhancement of Soybean Seedling Performance in Response to Salt Stress
27
39
EN
Saeid
Khomari1
Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
Mahdi
Davari
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
mdavari@uma.ac.ir
In this experiment soybean seeds were pre-treated with salt tolerant isolate of <em>Trichoderma harzianum </em>to evaluate the different aspects of seedling growth and metabolism in response to different concentrations of NaCl. <em>Trichoderma</em> isolate was more effective in improving dry weight and root volume of seedlings during mild salt stress. Seedlings obtained from bioprimed seeds had significantly higher leaf greenness, chlorophyll fluorescence, net photosynthesis and stomatal conductance than the control at all stress levels. NaCl-induced membrane damage was alleviated by <em>Trichoderma, </em>especially at 3 dS/m. The biopriming treatment showed lower accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA) content under saline condition. Highest MDA content was recorded in the control (unprimed) seeds at salinity level of 9 dS/m. A common factor that adversely affects plants under saline conditions is generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and we tested the hypothesis that seed biopriming alleviated damages resulting from ROS attack in the stressed plants. Greatest catalase activity was detected in the bioprimed seeds at the salt stress level of 9 dS/m. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) were significantly increased in response to NaCl stress. Seed biopriming enhanced SOD and APX activity averaged over all salinity levels. It could be concluded that seed biopriming with <em>Trichoderma harzianum </em>certainly ameliorated harmful impacts of mild salinity mainly through promotion of early seedling development and antioxidative defence system.<br /> <br />
Antioxidative enzymes,Glycine max,NaCl,Photosynthesis,Seedling vigour
https://breeding.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_6350.html
https://breeding.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_6350_6427f52ffa3652b6761f0e890a3c2ef1.pdf
University of Tabriz
Journal of Plant Physiology and Breeding
2008-5168
2821-0174
7
1
2017
06
01
Antioxidative Responses of Eucalyptus camaldulensis to Different Concentrations of Copper
41
52
EN
Anahita
Shariat
Biotechnology Research Department, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Tehran, Iran
shariat@rifr-ac.ir
Mohammad Hassan
Assareh
Seed and Plant Certification and Registration Institute, Bolvar Nabovvat, Karaj, Iran
Abbas
Ghamari-Zare
Biotechnology Research Department, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Tehran, Iran
Anthropogenic activities have caused important increases in soil Cu levels not only in urban areas but also in croplands. This study was designed to find out the effect of different concentration of copper on physiological and biochemical changes in <em>Eucalyptus camaldulensis</em> seedlings. Seeds of <em>Eucalyptus camaldulensis </em>were grown in marble chips and irrigated with nutrient solution mixed with copper (control, 5, 10, 20 mM) for 10 months and after this period, leaf, stem and root tissues were harvested. Copper content was determined by ICP-OES and some characters such as proline, pigments, catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POX), superoxid desmotase (SOD) and weight of different tissues were measured. The concentrations of copper in root tissue were higher than leaf and stem tissues and stem concentration was lower than the concentration of leaf. The proline content was raised by increasing metal concentrations, but the content of pigments decreased. The activity of antioxidative enzymes, CAT, POX and SOD positively increased up to 10 mM Cu treatment and then slightly decreased in both leaf and root tissues. These results suggest that eucalypts have efficient mechanism to tolerate Cu excess, as evidenced by accumulating of osmoprotectants and antioxidative enzymes. Also eucalypts under stress can accumulate copper four times more than the control treatment without serious symptoms in growth, therefore it is a feasible plant for hyperaccumulation of copper and declining the environmental pollution.
Antioxidative enzymes,Chlorophyll,Cu,Eucalyptus camaldulensis,Proline
https://breeding.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_6351.html
https://breeding.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_6351_a011e13f5ac5834d0e5499bb66eef93f.pdf
University of Tabriz
Journal of Plant Physiology and Breeding
2008-5168
2821-0174
7
1
2017
06
01
Effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhiza on Growth and Physiological Behavior of PHL-C Rootstock
53
60
EN
Zohreh
Hoshyar
Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
Bahram
Abedi
Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
Ebrahim
Ganji Moghadam
Department of Horticultural Science, Khorasan Razavi Agriculture and Natural Resources Research & Education Center, Mashhad, Iran
Gholamhosein
Davari Nejad
Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
PHL-C is one of the dwarf sweet cherry rootstocks which is a hybrid between <em>P. avium</em> L. × <em>P. cerasus</em> L. Direct rooting of sweet cherry rootstocks is difficult which can be solved by using in vitro propagation. Transfer of plantlets from in vitro to ex vitro limit the use of micro propagation, because of weak root systems and low survival rates. This study was conducted in order to select the best biohardening agents in order to improve the growth of PHL-C dwarf rootstocks in Khorasan Razavi Agriculture and Natural Resources Research and Education Center. Three arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) strains<em>, Diversispora epigaea</em>, <em>Rhizophagus intraradices</em> and <em>Rhizophagus fasciculatus,</em> were used as in vitro raised PHL-C plantlets. Results showed that plantlets inoculated with <em>Diversispora epigaea</em> gave the highest leaf area, root diameter, root surface and phosphor concentration. <em>Diversispora epigaea</em> was more effective in improving most of the growth and physiological attributes of inoculated tissue culture raised plantlets of PHL-C. However, the highest total root length (4113 mm) was found in <em>Rhizophagus fasciculatus</em> inoculated plantlets
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi,PHL-C,Rooted plantlets
https://breeding.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_6354.html
https://breeding.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_6354_c46272228298e60ab901151c0888f83a.pdf
University of Tabriz
Journal of Plant Physiology and Breeding
2008-5168
2821-0174
7
1
2017
06
01
Drought and Salinity Impacts on Bread Wheat in a Hydroponic Culture: A Physiological Comparison
61
74
EN
Mohsen
Movahhedi Dehnavi
Associate Professor of Agronomy, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Yasouj University, Yasouj, Iran
movahhedi1354@yu.ac.ir
Tayebeh
Zarei
PhD Student of Crop Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Yasouj University, Yasouj, Iran
z.tayebe@yaho.com
Rahil
Khajeeyan
PhD Student of Crop Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Yasouj University, Yasouj, Iran
r.kh3103@gmail.com
Mitra
Merajipoor
PhD Student of Crop Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Yasouj University, Yasouj, Iran
merajipoormitra@yahoo.com
Drought and salinity are two major abiotic stresses, similarly and/or differently affecting physiological processes of wheat. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the impacts of drought and salinity on wheat. A pot experiment was conducted as completely randomized design with three replications in the research greenhouse of Yasouj University in 2015. Treatments included different levels of salinity and drought with the same osmotic potentials (-2.47, -4.94 and -7.42 bar) and a control. Salinity and drought were imposed with NaCl and PEG 6000 in a Hogland medium, respectively. Results showed that by increasing drought and salinity treatments, relative water cotent and cell membrane stability were decreased but malondialdehyde (MDA) increased. The effect of PEG drought stress on these traits was more than that of NaCl stress. Increasing drought and salinity stresses significantly increased leaf proline, total soluble sugars, and glycinebetaine content, however, this increase was higher for salinity. Fv/Fm was equally affected by salinity and drought, decreasing by both stresses. By raising stress levels, chlorophyll a decreased but chlorophyll b and carotenoid content increased. In general, we found that wheat could tolerate acceptable salinity levels better than drought, by accumulation of osmolytes and more sustained absorption of water and also reducing the MDA production under salinity conditions. <br />
Chlorophyll,Glycinebetaine,Malondialdehyde,Proline,Soluble sugars
https://breeding.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_6357.html
https://breeding.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_6357_3ae4427db5a73b02b33f0f30fde7e8ae.pdf
University of Tabriz
Journal of Plant Physiology and Breeding
2008-5168
2821-0174
7
1
2017
06
01
A Study on the Feasibility of Replacing Silver Nitrate with Natural Compounds in Preservative Solution of Gerbera jamesonii Cut Flowers
75
86
EN
Mehrdad
Babarabie
PhD Student of Ornamental Plants, Department of Horticulture, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
antoniyom_3000@yahoo.com
Hossein
Zarei
Department of Horticulture, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
Faryal
Varaste
Department of Horticulture, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
Gerbera(<em>Gerbera jamesonii</em>) from the family of Asteraceae is regarded as one of the best cut flowers in the world. Despite of the publicity of Gerbera’s cut flowers, they have a short postharvest life. The objective of the present study was to study the replacement feasibility and the comparison of thymol (isolated from zataria), and essential oils of peppermint and rosemary (200, 400 and 600 mg l<sup>-1</sup>) with silver nitrate (200 mg l<sup>-1</sup>) in vase solution of gerbera cut flowers in order to increase vase life and some quality traits. The recorded traits were vase life, carotenoid, solution uptake, relative fresh weight, flower diameter, total dissolved solids and pH. The experiment was laid on a factorial arrangement based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. Means comparison revealed that the highest vase life was related to the treatment of silver nitrate, however, flowers treated with thymol (200 mg l<sup>-1</sup>) in comparison with other natural treatments, had the highest vase life and did not show significant differences with silver nitrate. The treatment of peppermint essential oil (200 mg l<sup>-1</sup>) resulted in the highest carotenoid level. The highest relative fresh weight and solution uptake were obtained for the thymol treatment (200 mg l<sup>-1</sup>). The highest amount of total soluble solids and flower diameter were obtained in the silver nitrate treatment. The lowest pH was obtained from the treatment of 600 mg l<sup>-1</sup> peppermint essential oil. In total, it can be concluded that thymol and the essential oils of peppermint and rosemary can be used in vase solution of gerbera cut flowers. Further research using other natural compounds is required to find out the appropriate compound and also concentrations in order to help the environment conservation and improve human health in addition to increase the vase life of cut flowers.<br /> <br />
Gerbera,Natural Compounds,Silver nitrate,Vase life
https://breeding.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_6358.html
https://breeding.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_6358_478fb0d21f396227344d05681c6df70a.pdf
University of Tabriz
Journal of Plant Physiology and Breeding
2008-5168
2821-0174
7
1
2017
06
01
Biochemical and Physiological Responses of Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) Cultivars to Osmotic Stress
87
97
EN
Babak
Babakhani
Department of Biology, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon, Iran
Seyed Afshin
Hosseini Boldaji
Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Yadegar-e- Imam Khomeini (RAH) Shahre Rey Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
Reza H.
Sajedi
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
In order to investigate the effects of water stress on total phenolics content, antioxidant power, β-glucosidase activity and stomatal properties of alfalfa, a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design was carried out in 1-Lit pots containing half strength Hoagland culture medium using two cultivars of alfalfa at four osmotic pressures including 0 (control), -0.5, -1.0 and -1.5 MPa. Polyphenol oxidase activity and total phenolics were increased in both cultivars in response to osmotic stress. Although the increases in total phenolics were higher in Yazdi cultivar than Gharayonjeh but the polyphenol oxidase activity had an inverse trend, thus resulting in higher levels of phenolic compounds in Yazdi cultivar than Gharayonjeh. The β-glucosidase activity as a marker of ABA level in plant cells increased in both cultivars. Furthermore, stomatal conductance and transpiration rates decreased in response to drought stress. This means that both cultivars closed their stomata under osmotic pressure in order to reduce the transpiration, however, Yazdi cultivar was more efficient in this respect. According to our results, it can be concluded that Yazdi can be considered as a more tolerant cultivar than Gharayonjeh because of its ability to increase free ABA levels in leaves, reduce transpiration rate and accumulate antioxidant compounds.<br />
Alfalfa,Beta-glucosidase,Osmotic stress,Phenolic Compounds
https://breeding.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_6362.html
https://breeding.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_6362_b8ba0aa5081e4133a040728f47b012f3.pdf
University of Tabriz
Journal of Plant Physiology and Breeding
2008-5168
2821-0174
7
1
2017
06
01
Applying Calcium Carbide Solution Affect Sex Expression and Increases Yield of Monoicous Cucumber
99
104
EN
Kambiz
Mashayekhi
Department of Horticulture, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
kambizm@yahoo.com
Saeed
Jafari
Department of Horticulture, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
s-jafari@yahoo.com
Aida
Shomali
Department of Horticulture, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
shomali.aida@gmail.com
Seyyed Javad
Mousavizadeh
0000-0002-2549-5906
Department of Horticulture, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
mousavizadeh@ut.ac.ir
Sex expression in cucumber is influenced by hormonal and environmental factors such as day length and temperature. Increasing female flowers that will develop to fruit is a trick for increasing yield, hence it’s importance. Likewise, it would help breeders through hybridizing process. Ethylene as a plant hormone is known to increase female flowers of most members of Cucurbitaceae family but as an exception increase in watermelon’s female flowers reported under the effect of gibberlic acid. Ethylene is a gaseous ubiquitous phyto-hormone that is known to influence sex expression in cucumber. As acetylene’s chemical structure with a minor difference is almost similar to gaseous hormone ethylene, in higher concentrations it is expected to retain the same physiological effects as ethylene. This experiment evaluated the effect of foliar application of different concentration of liquid solution of acetylene (0, 50, 250, 500, 750 and 1000 ppm) released from calcium carbide on cucumber sex expression and other physiological traits of cucumber. Results showed that number of female flowers and some vegetative traits of cucumber affected by different concentration of acetylene solution. Maximum number of female flowers obtained by applying 500 ppm of acetylene solution. The maximum leaf area and chlorophyll content of fruit achieved by application of 250 ppm and the maximum number of internodes obtained by 500 ppm acetylene solution. In conclusion, using acetylene as the solution form has not been reported until now. Foliar spraying of acetylene increased the female flowers in cucumber. The highest yield linked with 250 ppm of acetylene solution.<br />
Ethylene,Femaleness,Leaf Area,Yield
https://breeding.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_6363.html
https://breeding.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_6363_84f852952e5eb318a83e2aee64109e7e.pdf
University of Tabriz
Journal of Plant Physiology and Breeding
2008-5168
2821-0174
7
1
2017
06
01
Physio-biochemical and Enzymatic Responses of Sunflower to Drought Stress
105
119
EN
Mozhgan
Sarvari
orcid 0000-0001-5991-4411
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
r.darvishzadeh@urmia.ac.ir
Reza
Darvishzadeh
Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
darvish_r2001@yahoo.com
Roghayeh
Najafzadeh
Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
roghayehnajafzadeh@yahoo.com
Hatami
Maleki
Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran
Drought stress is a serious adverse factor that limits sunflower growth and productivity. The stress induces a range of physiological and biochemical responses in sunflower. So, evaluation of defense systems is important for producing resistant cultivars. In this study, physio-biochemical changes and antioxidant enzymes activitiesof six sunflower lines were evaluated under normal and irrigation at 60 and 40% of the field capacity using a randomized complete block design with three replications. Different characteristics such as relative water content (RWC), chlorophyll a and b contents, carotenoid and proline contents, lipids peroxidation and accumulation of malon dialdehyde (MDA), as well as activity of antioxidative enzymes like guaiacol peroxidase (GPX), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT) and glutathione reductase (GR) were studied. The results showed significant differences among sunflower lines for physio-biochemical and enzymes activity under drought stress. According to the results, the lines C104 and RHA266 showed the better tolerance to drought stress. The founding of this study can be useful in sunflower breeding programs for producing resistant cultivars to drought stress.<br />
Drought tolerance,Enzyme activity,Lipids peroxidation,Physiological characters,Sunflower
https://breeding.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_6364.html
https://breeding.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_6364_3ebe25824fc64bc1fe6da3900f60e053.pdf
University of Tabriz
Journal of Plant Physiology and Breeding
2008-5168
2821-0174
7
1
2017
06
01
Stomatal Density as a Selection Criterion for Developing Tea Varieties with High Physiological Efficiency
121
131
EN
Devajit
Borthakur
Tocklai Tea Research Institute, Tea Research Association, Jorhat, Assam, India
devajit.borthakur@gmail.com
Jayanta
Saikia
Department of Plant Physiology and Breeding, Tocklai Tea Research Institute, Tea Research Association, Jorhat, Assam, India
jayanta.saikia@gmail.com
Sarbani
Roy
Department of Plant Physiology and Breeding, Tocklai Tea Research Institute, Jorhat, Assam, India
roys12345@gmail.com
Stomata, the small opening in leaf connecting plant with atmosphere, play pivotal roles in global water and carbon cycles. Stomata regulate the two key important physiological functions <em>viz.</em> photosynthesis and transpiration and thus are crucial for performance of crop species in changing climatic conditions. Although environmental factors influence the density and size of stomata, the genetic control of this character is evident. High variation for this character is reported from different crop species and thus improvement of this character is possible through appropriately designed breeding strategy. In tea, stomatal density varied from 44.67 mm<sup>-2</sup> to 108 mm<sup>-2</sup> and this character exhibited a significant and positive correlation with photosynthetic rate (Pn) and water use efficiency. A high value for heritability and genetic advance was detected for this character in tea, indicating its tight genetic control. Thus stomatal density may be an important selection criterion and development of physiologically efficient tea clones and seed varieties may be possible by improving stomatal density through a suitably designed breeding strategy.<br />
Heritability,Photosynthesis,Stomata,Transpiration,Water Use Efficiency
https://breeding.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_6365.html
https://breeding.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_6365_f4c342e53b164ad8aa3a363b44aff26b.pdf