ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of plant age and methods of stem treatment on the quality of cut roses
Cut roses are always valued for their beautiful and outstanding flowers. Apart from the physiological and nutritional features of the plants, there are many other factors which influence the marketable quality of cut roses over the entire period of production phase. Among them we tried to understand how plant age and different methods of stem treatment can modify cut stem physical properties. To do this, the effect of newly stented plants beside the three-year old stented plants combined with four stem training methods were evaluated for their cut flower qualities. The results showed that the time to bud break was shorter (seven days) for young plants while it reached to about 15 days in old plants particularly for the third and fifth buds. In general, young plants performed better for some quality traits such as higher stem length and higher flower and stem diameter. When shoots were bent over the fifth bud, the highest shoot weight and leaf area were produced in the new growing cut flowers. It was concluded that young plants tended to increase their foliage volume by producing more leaves on relatively vigorous shoots, thereby they increased their marketable stem quality.
https://breeding.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_9454_7f3d03b1ac3330d59e009e7668cd83d8.pdf
2018-06-01
1
9
10.22034/jppb.2018.9454
Bending
Cut rose
Flower Quality
Plant age
Stem treatment
Mansour
Matloobi
mmatloobi@gmail.com
1
Department of Horticultural Science, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Zahra
Amiri
z_amiri64@yahoo.com
2
Department of Horticulture Science, University of Shiraz, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
Hassan
Salehi
hsalehi@shirazu.ac.ir
3
Department of Horticulture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
AUTHOR
Najmadin
Mortazavi
mortazavi46@gmail.com
4
Department of Horticulture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
AUTHOR
Bredmose N and Hansen J, 1995. Regeneration, growth and flowering of cut rose cultivars as affected by propagation material and method. Scientia Horticulturae 64: 103–111.
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15
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effects of cycocel on growth, some physiological traits and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under salt stress
In order to investigate changes in sodium ion (Na+), potassium ion (K+), dry matter mobilization and grain filling period of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under salinity stress, a factorial experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications. Factors were salinity at four levels [no-salt (S0) and salinity of 25 (S1), 50 (S2) and 75 (S3) mM NaCl, equivalent of 2.3, 4.61 and 6.92 dS m−1, respectively] and four cycocel levels [without cycocel (C0) and application of 400 (C1), 800 (C2) and 1200 (C3) mg L-1 cycocel)]. Results showed that salinity stress decreased grain yield, chlorophyll index, grain filling period, stomata conductance and relative water content in plant shoots. But grain filling rate and dry matter remobilization from shoots increased. Application of cycocel at C3 level led to the reduction of 36.36% and 5.75% in dry matter remobilization from shoot and stem, respectively. In the case of mineral content, Na+/K+ ratio was increased with increasing salinity level. At all salinity levels, cycocel application resulted in lower Na+ content and Na+/K+ ratio. Higher K+ accumulation in the cycocel treated plants, resulted in a low Na+/K+ ratio leading to their efficiency in salinity tolerance. It was concluded that cycocel can be a proper toolfor increasing wheat yield under salinity condition.
https://breeding.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_9456_b33fe2cdc7837fdea4e8af2cf14ad6b0.pdf
2018-06-01
11
23
10.22034/jppb.2018.9456
Cycocel
Grain filling duration
Na+/K+ ratio
Stomatal resistance
Raouf
Seyed Sharifi
1
Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Razieh
Khalilzadeh
2
Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
AUTHOR
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49
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Impact of seed priming with different UV rays on morphological and physio-biochemical attributes of pea (Pisum sativum L.)
In order to investigate the effect of priming and UV stress on pea (Pisum sativum L. cv. Dorian), a pot experiment was conducted as factorial based on completely randomized design with 22 treatments (11 type of seed priming and 2 UV stress conditions) and four replications at Razi University during 2014. The results showed that the impact of seed pre-treatment was significant on all traits studied. Also, effect of UV stress was significant on relative water content (RWC), maximum quantum yield of PSII, total chlorophyll (Chl total) content and hydrogen peroxide concentration (H2O2). Interaction between seed priming and UV stress was also significant (p≤ 0.01) for RWC, Chl total content and H2O2 concentration. Generally, the results indicated that UV stress has harmful effect on the pea plants. On the other hand, hydro-priming (HP) had a better effect on the morphological characteristics (stem length and fresh weight) and RWC, especially, under non-UV stress condition. But, HP for 12 h + UV-AB for 2 h and also HP for 11 h + UV-AB for 3 h showed the lowest Chl total content, maximum quantum yield of PSII, stem length and fresh weight of plant and also had the highest concentration of H2O2. Therefore, these two pre-treatments have a negative impact on the pea plant and their use is not recommended for the pre-treatment of seeds in pea.
https://breeding.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_9457_a2ca19e02b151e9fbdf4f655e7c12daf.pdf
2018-06-01
25
36
10.22034/jppb.2018.9457
Maximum quantum yield of PSII
Pea (Pisum sativum L.)
Relative Water Content
Seed pre-treatment
Ultraviolet rays
Saeid
Jalali-Honarmand
sjhonarmand@yahoo.com
1
Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Engineering, Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Behnoush
Rasaei
rasaei.behnoush@gmail.com
2
Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Engineering, Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
AUTHOR
Ali
Rasaei
alirasaei65@gmail.com
3
Sararood Branch, Dryland Agricultural Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Kermanshah, Iran.
AUTHOR
Majid
Abdoli
majid.abdoli64@yahoo.com
4
Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran.
AUTHOR
Asada K, 1999. The water-water cycle in chloroplasts: scavenging of active oxygen and dissipation of excess photons. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology 50: 601-639.
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2
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3
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4
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26
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27
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28
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29
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30
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31
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35
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Assessment of remobilization variation of bread wheat cultivars under different irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer treatments
In order to investigate the effect of water treatment and nitrogen fertilizer application on remobilization and grain yield of bread wheat cultivars, an experiment was carried out as split-split plot design based on randomized complete blocks with three replications. Three levels of irrigation (full irrigation, withholding irrigation at heading, withholding irrigation at anthesis) were assigned to main plots, different times of nitrogen fertilizer application (application of 120 kg/ha nitrogen in four different times: 20 kg at sowing + 100 kg/ha at tillering, 20 kg at sowing + 100 kg/ha at bolting, 20 kg at sowing + 50 kg at tillering + 50 kg at bolting, 20 kg at sowing + 50 kg at tillering + 50 kg at heading) were randomized in sub-plots and five bread wheat cultivars (Zarrin, Pishgam, Urum, Zare, Mihan) were assigned to sub-sub-plots. Withholding irrigation at different developmental stages of wheat increased remobilization percentage of all cultivars. However, application of nitrogen at the heading stage reduced remobilization. The highest and lowest remobilization were recorded for Urum and Zarrin with 62.13% and 20.33%, respectively. Grain yield was significantly reduced with the reduction of water availability. Mean grain yield of all cultivars was 7.500 ton/ha under full irrigation, which reduced to 6.500 ton/ha when irrigation was withheld. Nitrogen fertilizer applicationimproved the grain yield of wheat cultivars. The highest grain yield was obtained for Mihan by 9.39 ton/ha under full irrigation and nitrogen application at sowing + tillering + heading. The higher grain yield of tolerant cultivars under water deficit treatments was attributed to remobilization of unstructured carbohydrates from shoot to grain. It seems that selection of cultivars with higher translocation of dry matter and contribution of pre-anthesis assimilates in grain filling under water stress, can be a suitable strategy to produce high yielding cultivars under water deficit stress condition.
https://breeding.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_9458_1cbd559b7ed5988f079b16f7200d2c5f.pdf
2018-06-01
37
48
10.22034/jppb.2018.9458
Fertilizer
Grain Yield
Remobilization
Water treatment
Wheat
Parisa
Ghahramani
1
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
AUTHOR
Soleiman
Mohammadi
2
Seed and Plant Improvement Research Department, West Azarbaijan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, AREEO, Urmia, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Hashem
Hadi
hhadi52@gmail.com
3
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
AUTHOR
Bdukli E, Celik N and Turk M, 2007. Effects of post anthesis drought stress on the stem–reserve mobilization supporting grain filling of two rowed barley cultivars at different levels of nitrogen. Journal of Biological Science 7: 949-953.
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25
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Assessment of some chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters of different corn cultivars in response to clodinafop-propagrgyl herbicide and salicylic acid
Nowadays, the use of chlorophyll a fluorescence has become a simple and nondestructive method for detecting plant’s photosynthetic response to different kinds of stress. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effects of different concentrations of clodinafop-propagrgyl (TOPIK®) herbicide on some chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters of different corn cultivars (SC260, SC400, SC704) in response to salicylic acid (SA) application (control, seed priming, spraying on plants three days before herbicide treatment, concurrent with herbicide application) in greenhouse of University of Tabriz in 2017, using a factorial arrangement of treatments based on randomized complete block design with three replicates. Results showed that by increasing of TOPIK levels in the absence of SA, the maximum fluorescence (Fm), variable fluorescence (Fv), efficiency and/or activity of water-splitting complex at donor side of photosystem II (Fv/F0) and maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) decreased but minimum fluorescence (F0) increased. However, application of SA improved several parameters of chlorophyll a fluorescence in some corn cultivars. Application of SA as seed priming and spraying on plants three days before TOPIK treatment had higher effect on the studied cultivars than SA spraying concurrent with herbicide application. Correlation between the F0 and Fv/F0 was significant and negative. Also shoot dry weight (SDW) taken at 28 days after herbicide application had significant and positive relationship with Fv/Fm taken at 7 days after herbicide application. The findings of this research demonstrates that chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters and especially Fv/Fm are fast and reliable criteria for determining the effects of herbicides, such as TOPIK, and/or plants growth regulators, such as salicylic acid, shortly after treatment as compared to classical methods.
https://breeding.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_9459_129c5c9f9559ba6446d7d59b66a81541.pdf
2018-06-01
47
57
10.22034/jppb.2018.9459
Chlorophyll a fluorescence
Clodinafop-propagrgyl
Corn
Salicylic acid
Sirous
Hassannejad
sirous_hasannejad@yahoo.com
1
Department of Plant Eco-Physiology, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Soheila
Porheidar Ghafarbi
2
Department of Agronomy and Plant Breading, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Abbaspoor M and Streibig JC, 2005. Clodinafop changes the chlorophyll fluorescence induction curve. Weed Science 53: 1-9.
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35
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effects of drought stress on some physiological variables and grain yield of different wheat varieties
This study was conducted to determine the effect of drought stress on yield and some physiological characteristics of wheat cultivars. Six cultivars were grown under normal and drought stress in greenhouses and field conditions. Leaf samples were taken for physiological measurement including relative water content, transpiration rate, membrane stability, chlorophyll content and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and stomatal frequency and length. Grain yield was determined for plants grown under field condition. Results showed that treatments have a significant impact on plant traits. Drought stress decreased leaf chlorophyll content and photochemical efficiency of PSII due to increasing F0 and decreasing Fm and increased ion leakage. Drought stress also decreased grain yield and the highest yield was obtained in plots with normal condition. Cultivars Alvand and Chamran showed the highest level of photochemical efficiency of PSII, membrane stability and grain yield under drought stress and were considered as the more tolerant cultivars to drought stress than other cultivars under conditions of this investigation.
https://breeding.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_9499_ada50ed1a843f4edee5173f51a70ede9.pdf
2018-06-01
57
73
10.22034/jppb.2018.9499
Chlorophyll fluorescence
Drought Stress
Photosystem II efficiency
Wheat
Yield
Mahdiye
Askary
1
PhD student of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran and former MSc student, Shahid Bahounar University, Kerman, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Aliakbar
Maghsoudi Moud
2
Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Shahid Bahounar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
AUTHOR
Vahid Reza
Saffari
saffarivr@uk.ac.ir
3
Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Shahid Bahounar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
AUTHOR
Afsoun
Askari
4
Agronomy and Plant Breeding, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
AUTHOR
Baker NR and Rosenqvist E, 2004. Applications of chlorophyll fluorescence can improve crop production strategies: an examination of future possibilities. Journal of Experimental Botany 55: 1607-1621.
1
Baker NR, 2008. Chlorophyll fluorescence: a probe of photosynthesis in vivo. Annual Review of Plant Biology 59: 89-113.
2
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38
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Magnetic field and silver nanoparticles induced changes on phenolic compound and oxidative status of marigold seedlings
Effect of magnetic fields (MFs) and silver nanoparticles (SNPs) on a biological organism vary depending on their system and applied materials, time and intensity. In recent years, many studies have been conducted on the sensitivity of living organisms to MFs and NPs. For this purpose, an experiment was carried out in 2016 to study the effects of MF and SNPs on marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) using randomized complete block design with four treatments and three replications. The treatments were as follows: control, MF with B=3 mT for an hour per day, SNPs (50 ppm) and combination of MF (B=3 mT) and SNPs (50 ppm). Results showed that phenolic content, DPPH radical scavenging, phenylalanine ammonia lyase, polyphenoloxidase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, guaiacol peroxidase and glutathione reductase activity were significantly increased by the application of MFs and SNPs as compared to the control group. It seems that the MF+SNPs treatment had the best effect on the antioxidant status of C. officinalis L. and may be suitable alternative for chemical compounds used in agriculture.
https://breeding.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_9500_22d1ccea46103890cbb735a4cbfa032d.pdf
2018-06-01
75
88
10.22034/jppb.2018.9500
Calendula officinalis
Magnetic field
Phytochemical compounds
Silver nanoparticles
Elham
Jalilzadeh
elham.jalilzadeh@yahoo.com
1
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
AUTHOR
Rashid
Jamei
jamei.r@yahoo.com
2
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Siavash
Hosseini Sarghein
sihosseini@yahoo.com
3
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
AUTHOR
Aebi H, 1984. Catalase in-vitro. Methods in Enzymology 105: 121-126.
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55
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Comparative study of two pear cultivars to PEG-induced osmotic stress
We studied the effect of polyethylene glycol (PEG)-induced osmotic stress on pear cultivars (Harrow Sweet and Bartlett) under in-vitro culture conditions. Explants were cultured in QL medium containing 4% and 8% PEG6000 using a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design. The medium without PEG was considered as control. Drought injury index, which was calculated based on morphological disorders, increased at 8% PEG nearly to 2.00 and 1.50 units in CVs. Bartlett and Harrow Sweet, respectively. Owing to osmotic stress, the increase of malondialdehyde was accompanied with the reduction of cell membrane stability index in both cultivars. Total phenolic components and antioxidant activity in leaves increased significantly in response to application of 4% and 8% PEG. However, the severity of increase was higher in CV. Harrow Sweet. It was revealed that CV. Harrow Sweet had higher tolerance to osmotic stress than Bartlett. Moreover, the parameters related to oxidative damages and ROS scavenging capacity were more descriminant against osmotic stress under in vitro system.
https://breeding.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_9501_7f1ee1895db4ae3d341925f2efea7379.pdf
2018-06-01
89
99
10.22034/jppb.2018.9501
Drought Stress
In-vitro culture
Proline
Pyrus communis
Superoxide dismutase
Vahid
Bigdeloo
1
Department of Horticultural Science, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
AUTHOR
Ali
Soleimani
asoleimani@znu.ac.ir
2
Department of Horticultural Science, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Hamid
Abdollahi
habdollahi@yahoo.it
3
Temperate Fruits Research Center, Horticultural Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
AUTHOR
Abbas
Bahari
bahariabas@gmail.com
4
Research Institute of Modern Biological Techniques, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
AUTHOR
Agarwal S and Pandey V, 2004. Antioxidant enzyme responses to NaCl stress in Cassia angustifolia.Biologia Plantarum 48: 555-560.
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30
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31
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Embryogenesis in medicinal plant Syrian Rue (Peganum harmala L.)
Peganum harmala L. is a shrub perennial plant of Zigophyllaceae. It is used for treatment of parkinson in folk medicine and has antitumor and antioxidant activity. This species is usually propagated by seeds but the span of seed viability is short. On the other hand, since this is a wild plant and is not cultivated, it is exposed to extinction due to overuse. In order to solve this problem and optimize secondary metabolite production in this plant, the first step is in-vitro optimization of callus induction and shoot regeneration. To achieve this goal, leaf, hypocotyl and embryo axis were cultured on MS medium containing different concentrations of 2,4-D (0, 0.25 and 0.5 mg L-1) in combination with BA (0, 0.5, 1 and 2 mg L-1). The results of analysis of variance showed that the main effects of hormones and explants and some interactions were significant on callus induction and shoot regeneration. Maximum callus induction and shoot regeneration was obtained in the medium supplemented with 0.5 mg L-1 2,4-D and 1 mg L-1 BA for the leaf and hypocotyl explants, respectively.
https://breeding.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_9502_236a0acd13b8b8dadc15ffbf535a72e2.pdf
2018-06-01
101
109
10.22034/jppb.2018.9502
Callus induction؛ Peganum harmala L؛ Plant regeneration؛ 2
4-D
Mahmood
Valizadeh
valizadeh_mahmood@yahoo.com
1
Department of Agriculture, Payame Noor University, Iran
AUTHOR
Abdel-Fattah AF, Matsumoto K, Murakami Y, Gammaz HA, Mohamed MF and Watanabe H, 1997. Central serotonin level-dependent changes in body temperature following administration of tryptophan to pargyline-and harmaline-pretreated rats. General Pharmacology: The Vascular System 8(3): 405-409.
1
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4
Berlin J, Rügenhagen C, Greidziak N, Kuzovkina IN, Witte L and Wray V, 1993. Biosynthesis of serotonin and β-carboline alkaloids in hairy root cultures of Peganum harmala. Phytochemistry 33(3): 593-597.
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7
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8
Collin HA and Edwards S, 1998. Plant Cell Culture. Bios Scientific Publisher, UK.
9
Deb CR and Pongener A, 2012. Studies on the in vitro regenerative competence of aerial roots of two horticultural important Cymbidium species. Journal of Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology 21: 235-241.
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11
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George EF, 1993. Plant Propagation by Tissue Culture. Eastern Press, Eversley, UK, 574 p.
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Goel N, Singh N and Saini R, 2009. Efficient in vitro multiplication of Syrian Rue (Peganum harmala L.) using 6-benzylaminopurine pre-conditioned seedling explants. Nature and Science 7: 129-134.
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Gray H, 1990. Methods in Molecular Biology: Plant Cell and Tissue Culture Techniques. Humana Press, NJ, USA.
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19
Khawar KM, Ozel CA, Balci SE, Ozcan SE and Arslan OR, 2005. Efficient shoot regeneration in Syrian rue (Peganum harmala L.) under in vitro conditions. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology 7(5): 790-793.
20
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27
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28
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30
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31
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32
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36
Sodaeizadeh H, Rafieiolhossaini M, Havlík J and van Damme P, 2009. Allelopathic activity of different plant parts of Peganum harmala L. and identification of their growth inhibitors substances. Plant Growth Regulation 59(3): 227. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10725-009-9408-6.
37
Tahtamouni RW, 2017. Cryopreservation of Thymbra spicata L. var. spicata and genetic stability assessment of the cryopreserved shoot tips after conservation. Jordan Journal of Biological Sciences 10(1): 19-28.
38
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39
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40
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41
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42
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Genetic diversity of rice mutant genotypes using multivariate methods
Genetic diversity among 64 rice genotypes including 56 M5 mutants and 8 check varieties was studied using multivariate analysis. The experimental materials were evaluated during growing season of 2013-14 at the experimental field of Rice Research Institute of Iran (RRII), Rasht, Iran. The field experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. With respect to the positive and significant partial regression coefficients and direct effects of number of panicles per plant and number of spikelet per panicle, it could be stated that increasing the amount of these traits will cause an increase in grain yield. The dendrogram from cluster analysis divided all 64 rice genotypes into three main groups. Maximum distance existed between clusters II and III, therefore the genotypes selected from these clusters could be used in hybridization programs. The first principal component included plant height, internode length, number of panicles per plant, panicle length, panicle weight, number of filled grains, grain productivity, 100 grain weight, grain width and grain yield. Second principal component included days to flowering, number of panicles per plant and number of unfilled grains. Two-dimensional plot based on the first two principal components indicated the existence of differences among rice genotypes under study. The presence of vast diversity among 64 rice genotypes by cluster analysis was also confirmed partly by the three-dimensional graph of three principal components. In conclusion, the studied genotypes represent a rich source of genetic diversity and could be useful in rice breeding programs. The crosses G53 × G39 and G62 × G11 will be useful for hybridization, because the parental genotypes were identified as being most divergent.
https://breeding.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_9513_72d8c0406b9c0165f77dd70770aa76ad.pdf
2018-06-01
111
124
10.22034/jppb.2018.9513
Cluster analysis
Genetic Diversity
Mutant
Principal component analysis
Regression Analysis
Rice
Peyman
Sharifi
1
Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
AUTHOR
Adebisi MA, Okelola FS, Ajala MO, Kehinde TO, Daniel IO and Ajani OO, 2013. Evaluation of variations in seed vigour characters of west African rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes using multivariate technique. American Journal of Plant Sciences 4: 356-363.
1
Ahmadikhah A, Nasrollanejad S and Alishah O, 2008. Quantitative studies for investigating variation and its effect on heterosis of rice. International Journal of Plant Production 2: 297-308.
2
Akter A, Hasan MJ, Paul A, Motalib AK and Hossain MK, 2009. Selection of parent for improvement of restorer line in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Saarc Journal of Agriculture 7: 43-50.
3
Bose LK and Pradhan SK, 2005. Genetic divergence in deep water rice genotypes. Journal of Central European Agriculture 6: 635-640.
4
Chaturvedi HP and Maurya DM, 2005. Genetic divergence analysis in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Advances in Plant Science 18(1): 349-353.
5
Chauhan VS and Singh BB, 1982. Heterosis and genetic variability in relation to genetic divergence in soybean. Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 42(2): 324-328.
6
Cowen NM and Frey KJ, 1987. Relationships between three measures of genetic distance and breeding methods in oat (Avena sativa L.). Genome 29: 97-106.
7
Domingo C, Andrés F and Talón M, 2007. Rice cv. Bahia mutagenized population: a new resource for rice breeding in the Mediterranean basin. Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 5(3): 341-347.
8
Elyasi S, Abdollahi S and Mollasadeghi V, 2014. Cluster analysis of 24 genotypes of modified rice according to qualitative and quantitative traits. Bulletin of Environment, Pharmacology and Life Sciences 3(8): 109-111.
9
Garg P, Pandey DP and Kaushik RP, 2011. Genetic divergence for yield and quality traits in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Journal of Rice Research 4: 1-5.
10
Habib SH, Bashar MK, Khalequzzaman M, Ahmed MS and Rashid ESMH, 2005. Genetic analysis and morphophysiological selection criteria for traditional biroin Bangladesh rice germplasms. Journal of Biological Sciences 5(3): 315-318.
11
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Jobson JD, 1992. Applied Multivariate Data Analysis. Volume II: Categorical and Multivariate Methods. Springer Verlag, New York, USA.
13
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