Histological Responses of Two Wheat Species to Azospirillum Inoculation under Dryland Farming

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran

2 Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran

Abstract

In this experiment the effect of inoculation with Azospirillum on the flag leaf and spike rachis anatomical features and also on grain yield and grain weight was investigated for the first time in bread and durum wheats during 2015-2016 growing season under semi-arid condition. The crop yield increased due to the inoculation with Azospirillum with a maximum yield increase of about 8.0 per cent for bread wheat. Azospirillum led to an increase in grain weight per spike. Yield increase due to Azospirillum inoculation was higher for bread wheat than durum wheat. The two wheat species exhibited differences in flag leaf and spike axis anatomic features. Although Azospirillum inoculation decreased the number of flag leaf stomata by 11.5% irrespective of the wheat type, stomatal length of the inoculated plants increased by about 3.6 and 11.5% for bread wheat and durum wheat, respectively. Azospirillum inoculation significantly enhanced the area and length of xylem and phloem vessels by about 12.5 and 12.39% and 14.42 and 33.33%, respectively. Area of the bundle sheath and mesophyll layers of inoculated plants was increased by 20 and 31.5%, respectively. Azospirillum inoculation enhanced the area of upper and lower epidermis of the bread wheat much more than the durum wheat. Anatomic changes due to Azospirillum was not limited to the flag leaf but also extended to the spike rachis and, therefore the inoculated plants had higher area of vascular bundle, xylem vessel and phloem vessel. Overall,the effect of Azospirillum on anatomical features and grain yield of wheat was slightly species specific and it was more pronounced in the bread wheat as compared to the durum wheat.
 

Keywords

Article Title [Persian]

پاسخ های آناتومی دو گونه گندم به تلقیح با آزوسپیریلوم تحت شرایط دیم

Authors [Persian]

  • طیبه جعفریان 1
  • محمدجواد زارع 2
  • عادل سی و سه مرده 2
1 فیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی، گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ایلام
2 گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ایلام
Abstract [Persian]

در آزمایش انجام گرفته برای اولین بار اثر آزوسپیریلوم بر خصوصیات آناتومی محور سنبله در دو گونه گندم نان و دوروم مورد بررسی قرار گرفت.  خصوصیات آناتومی برگ پرچم، محور سنبله و نیز عملکرد دو نوع گندم نان و دوروم در تلقیح با باکتری آزوسپیریلوم در آزمایش­های مزرعه­ای در طول فصل­های رشد 1394 و 1395 تحت شرایط دیم مورد مطالعه واقع شد. عملکرد دانه هر دو نوع گندم در تلقیح با باکتری افزایش یافت و بیشترین میزان افزایش در حدود 8 درصد در گندم نان مشاهده شد. تلقیح با آزوسپیریلوم موجب افزایش تعداد دانه در سنبله گردید. افزایش عملکرد دانه به موجب تلقیح با آزوسپیریلوم در مقایسه با گندم دوروم در گندم نان نمود بیشتری داشت. تغییرات آناتومی ایجاد شده در برگ پرچم و محور سنبله  تحت تاثیر کاربرد آزوسپیریلوم نتایج یکسانی را  برای دو نوع گندم به همراه نداشت. اگرچه تلقیح با آزوسپیریلوم موجب کاهش تعداد روزنه برگ پرچم به میزان 5/11 درصد شد، اما طول روزنه­ها را به میزان­ 6/3 و 5/11 درصد به ترتیب برای گندم نان و دوروم افزایش داد. آزوسپیریلوم به طور معنی­دار موجب افزایش 5/12 و 39/13 درصد در مساحت و طول دستجات آوندهای چوبی و 42/14 و 33/33 درصد در مساحت و طول دستجات آوند آبکش شد. همچنین مساحت غلاف آوندی و لایه­های مزوفیل در گندم­های تلقیح شده با آزوسپیریلوم به ترتیب به میزان 20 و 5/31 درصد افزایش یافت. تاثیر آزوسپیریلوم بر افزایش مساحت لایه­های اپیدرم بالا و پایین برگ در گندم نان بیش از گندم دوروم بود. تغییرات آناتومی ناشی از تاثیر آزوسپیریلوم محدود به برگ پرچم نگردید و چنین تغییراتی در محور سنبله نیز مشاهده شد. گیاهان تلقیح شده با آزوسپیریلوم از مساحت غلاف آوندی و نیز دستجات آوندی چوبی و آبکش بیشتری در محور سنبله برخوردار بودند. به طور کلی تغییرات در عملکرد و نیز خصوصیات آنوتومی به علت کاربرد آزوسپیریلوم در دو نوع گندم یکسان نبود و تاثیر مثبت باکتری در گندم نان بیش از گندم دوروم بود.

 

Keywords [Persian]

  • خصوصیات آناتومی
  • عملکرد
  • گندم دوروم
  • گندم نان

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Journal of Plant Physiology and Breeding
Volume 7, Issue 2
December 2017
Pages 67-79

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