Drought and Salinity Impacts on Bread Wheat in a Hydroponic Culture: A Physiological Comparison

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Associate Professor of Agronomy, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Yasouj University, Yasouj, Iran

2 PhD Student of Crop Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Yasouj University, Yasouj, Iran

Abstract

Drought and salinity are two major abiotic stresses, similarly and/or differently affecting physiological processes of wheat. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the impacts of drought and salinity on wheat. A pot experiment was conducted as completely randomized design with three replications in the research greenhouse of Yasouj University in 2015. Treatments included different levels of salinity and drought with the same osmotic potentials (-2.47, -4.94 and -7.42 bar) and a control. Salinity and drought were imposed with NaCl and PEG 6000 in a Hogland medium, respectively. Results showed that by increasing drought and salinity treatments, relative water cotent and cell membrane stability were decreased but malondialdehyde (MDA) increased. The effect of PEG drought stress on these traits was more than that of NaCl stress. Increasing drought and salinity stresses significantly increased leaf proline, total soluble sugars, and glycinebetaine content, however, this increase was higher for salinity. Fv/Fm was equally affected by salinity and drought, decreasing by both stresses. By raising stress levels, chlorophyll a decreased but chlorophyll b and carotenoid content increased. In general, we found that wheat could tolerate acceptable salinity levels better than drought, by accumulation of osmolytes and more sustained absorption of water and also reducing the MDA production under salinity conditions. 
 

Keywords


Article Title [Persian]

اثرات خشکی و شوری بر گندم نان در کشت هیدروپونیک: مقایسه فیزیولوژیک

Abstract [Persian]

تنش‌های محیطی مثل شوری و خشکی عامل محدودکننده‌ای در رشد و نمو گیاهان به حساب می­آیند. به منظور بررسی تأثیر تنش شوری و خشکی بر گندم، یک آزمایش گلدانی به صورت طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار در گلخانه دانشگاه یاسوج در سال 1394 انجام شد. تیمارها شامل سطوح مختلف تنش شوری و خشکی با پتانسیل اسمزی مشابه (47/2-، 94/4- و 42/7- بار) در شش سطح به همراه یک تیمار شاهد بودند. شوری با استفاده از کلرید سدیم و خشکی با پلی اتیلن گلیکول 6000 اعمال شد. با اعمال تیمارهای شوری و خشکی، محتوای آب نسبی برگ و پایداری غشای سلولی، در مقایسه با شاهد کاهش ­یافت، در حالی که میزان مالون دی آلدهید افزایش پیدا کرد. اعمال تنش خشکی ناشی از پلی اتیلن گلیکول در مقایسه با تنش شوری، محتوای آب نسبی برگ و میزان پایداری غشای سلولی را بیشتر کاهش داد و همچنین میزان مالون دی آلدهید در تنش شوری 42/7- بار بیشتر بود. میزان پرولین، قند محلول و گلایسین بتائین برگ گندم با افزایش سطوح شوری و خشکی روند افزایشی را نسبت به شاهد نشان دادند. بیشترین میزان قند محلول و گلایسین بتائین از تیمار 42/7- بار شوری به دست آمد. نسبت Fv/Fm بیشتر تحت تأثیر سطوح مختلف شوری در مقایسه با خشکی قرار گرفت و با کاهش پتانسیل اسمزی تا 42/7- بار کاهش یافت. کمترین مقدار کلروفیل a در هر دو شرایط تنش از پتانسیل اسمزی 42/7- بار حاصل شد. کلروفیل b روند عکس کلروفیل a را نشان داد. بیشترین مقدار کاروتنوئید در هر دو نوع تنش از پتانسیل اسمزی 42/7- بار به دست آمد. به طور کلی نتایج این آزمایش نشان داد که گندم می تواند سطوح شوری قابل قبول را بهتر از خشکی، از طریق تجمع اسمولیت­ها و جذب پایدارتر آب و نیز کاهش تولید مالون دی الدهید تحت تنش شوری تحمل کند.
 

Keywords [Persian]

  • پرولین
  • قندهای محلول
  • کلروفیل
  • گلایسین بتائین
  • مالون دی آلدهید
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