Determination of Aluminum Stress Tolerance Threshold During Seed Germination of Wheat

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 1MSc Student, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran

2 University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran

3 University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil,

Abstract

Environmental stresses are the most important factors that reduce plant growth in stages of development. The presence of aluminum in acidic soils as an environmental stress has an impact on different parts of the plant and reduces root growth, water absorption and nutrients and increases susceptibility to drought.  In order to evaluate the effect of aluminum stress levels on wheat at germination stage, an experiment was conducted as factorial based on completely randomized design with three replications. The root and shoot characters of four wheat cultivars (Arta, Gascozen, Moghan3, Mihan) at seedling stage were studied at eight stress levels (control, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 5 and 10 mM Al
3+
). The root and shoot fresh weight, root and shoot length, root volume and area, root number and Root/Shoot ratio were measured. Results showed that stress level had significant effects on all studied traits. Also, wheat cultivars were significantly different for number, volume, weight and area of root and also shoot length. Interaction between cultivars and stress levels was significant for root number. The Mogha3 variety had higher root number at 2.5 mM Al
3+
stress level. In all of varieties, the root number increased by increasing of Al
3+
concentration. Comparison of means showed that Al
3+
stress caused significant reduction in all studied traits except root number. The Moghan3 variety had higher means for studied traits as compare with other varieties.
 

Keywords

Article Title [Persian]

تعیین آستانه تحمل تنش آلومینیوم در مرحله جوانه زنی گندم

Abstract [Persian]

تنش­های محیطی از مهم‌ترین عوامل کاهش رشد در مراحل رشد و نمو گیاهی از جمله در مرحله جوانه‌زنی می‌باشند. آلومینیوم در خاک‌های اسیدی یکی از تنش‌های محیطی به حساب می­آید که روی بخش‌های مختلف گیاه تاثیر گذاشته و منجر به کاهش رشد ریشه، کاهش جذب آب و مواد غذایی و افزایش حساسیت به خشکی‌ می‌شود. گندم از جمله گیاهان استراتژیک و با ارزش بوده و شناسایی ارقامی که قادر باشند تنش را در مرحله جوانه‌زنی تحمل کرده و گیاهچه‌ی بیشتری تولید کنند دارای اهمیت است. در همین راستا، آزمایشی به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح پایه‌ کاملا تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام شد. خصوصیات ریشه و اندام هوایی 4 رقم گندم (آرتا‍، گاسکوژن، مغان3، میهن) در سطوح تنش شامل شاهد، 5/0، 1، 5/1، 2، 5/2، 5 و 10 میلی‌مولار آلومینیوم مورد‌ مطالعه قرار گرفت. صفات اندازه‌گیری شده شامل وزن تر ریشه‌چه و ساقه­چه، طول ریشه‌چه و ساقه‌چه، حجم ریشه‌چه، سطح ریشه‌چه و نسبت طول ساقه‌چه به ریشه‌چه بود. . نتایج حاصل نشان داد که سطوح تنش بر تمامی صفات تاثیر معنی‌دار داشت. هم‌چنین بین ارقام گندم از لحاظ صفات حجم، وزن، تعداد و سطح ریشه و نیز طول ساقه‌چه اختلاف معنی‌دار مشاهده شد. اثر متقابل رقم در تنش فقط برای تعداد ریشه‌چه معنی‌دار شد به‌طوری‌که در سطح تنش 5/2 میلی مولار، رقم مغان 3 بیشترین میانگین تعداد ریشه‌چه را دارا بود. با افزایش سطح تنش تعداد ریشه‌چه در همه ارقام کاهش یافت. نتایج مقایسه میانگین‌ها نشان داد که تنش آلومینیوم باعث کاهش معنی‌دار تمامی صفات مورد بررسی به استثنای تعداد ریشه‌چه شد. رقم مغان 3 در اغلب صفات دارای میانگین بالاتری نسبت به بقیه ارقام بود.
 

Keywords [Persian]

  • آلومینیوم
  • تحمل
  • جوانه‌زنی
  • گندم

References

Alavi Siney SM and Saba J, 2015. Analysis of yield and yield components traits in twenty bread wheat genotypes under dryland conditions. Philipin Journal of Crop Science 40 (2): 87-93.
Alizadeh  A, 2009.  Water,  Soil  and  Plant  Relation.  9th  edition.  Astane Godse Razavi Press (In Persian).
Arroyave C, Barcelo J, Poschenrieder C and Tolra R, 2011. Aluminium-induced changes in root epidermal cell patterning, a distinctive feature of hyperresistance to Al in Brachiaria decumbens. Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry 105: 1477-1483.
Barabasz WD, Albinska M and Lipiec J, 2002. Ecotoxicology of aluminium. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies 11: 199-203.
Cakmak I, 2008. Enrichment of cereal grains with zinc: agronomic or genetic biofortification. Plant and Soil 302 (1-2): 1-17.
Chang YC, Yamamoto Y and Matsumoto H, 1999. Accumulation of aluminum in the cell wall pectin in cultured tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) cells treated with a combination of aluminum and iron. Plant, Cell and Environment 22: 1009-1017.
Chen LS, 2006. Physiological responses and tolerance of plant shoot to aluminum toxicity. Journal of Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology 32: 143-155.
Cumming JR, Eckert RT and Evans LS, 1985. Effect of aluminum on potassium uptake by red spruce seedlings. Canadian Journal of Botany 63: 1099-1103.
Egli M, Fitze P and Oswald M, 1999. Changes in heavy metal contents in an acidic forest soil affected by depletion of soil organic matter within the time span 1969–93. Environmental Pollution 105: 367-379.
Exley C and Brichhal D, 1992. The cellular toxicity of aluminum. Journal of Theoretical Biology 159: 83-98.
Foy CD and Fleming AL, 1982. Aluminum tolerance of two wheat cultivars related to nitrate reductase activities. Journal of Plant Nutrition 5: 1313-1333.
Frantzios G, Galatis B and Apostolakos P, 2000. Aluminum effects on microtubule organization in dividing   root-tip   cells   of   Triticum turgidum.  II. Cytokinetic cells. Journal of Plant Research 114: 157-170. 
Furlani RR and Clark RB, 1981. Screening sorghum for aluminum tolerance in nutrient solution. Agronomy Journal 73: 587-594.
Ghanati F, Morita A and Yokota H, 2005. Effect of aluminum on the growth of tea plant and activation of antioxidant system. Plant and Soil 276: 133-141.
Haluskova L, Valentovicova K, Huttova J, Mistrik I and Tamas L, 2010. Effect of heavy metals on root growth and peroxidase activity in barley root tip. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum 32: 59-65.
Harvey PJ, Campanella BF and Castro PML, 2002. Phytoremediation: PAHs, anilines, phenols. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 9: 29-47.
Houd M and Diallo AO, 2008. Identification of genes and pathways associated with aluminum stress and tolerance using transcriptome profiling of wheat near-isogenic lines. BMC Genomics 9: 400-412.
Ishikawa H and Evans ML, 1995. Specialized zones of development in roots. Plant Physiology 109: 725-727.
Kafi M, Borzui A and Salehi M, 2009. Physiology of Environmental Stress in Plants. 2nd edition. University of Mashhad Press (In Persian).
Kinraide TB, 1997. Reconsidering the rhizotoxicity of hydroxyl, sulphate and fluoride complexes of aluminum. Journal of Experimental Botany 48: 1115-1124.
Krewski D, Yokel R, Nieboer E, Borchelt D, Cohen J, Harry J, Kacew S, Lindsay J, Mahfouz AM and Rondeau V,  2007. Human health risk assessment for aluminium, aluminium oxide and aluminium hydroxide. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B 10 (1 sup.): 1-269.
Lilienfein J, Qualls RG, Uselman SM and Bridgham SD, 2003. Soil formation and organic matter accretion in a young andesitic chronosequence at Mt. Shasta, California. Geoderma 116: 249–264.
Ma JF, Ryan PR and Delhaize E, 2001. Aluminium tolerance in plants and the complexing role of organic acids. Trends in Plant Science 6 (6): 273-278.
Ma JF, Zheng SJ, Matsumoto H and Hiradate S, 1997. Detoxifying aluminum with buckwheat. Nature 390: 569-570.
Matsumoto H, 1991. Biochemical mechanism of the toxicity of aluminium and the sequestration of aluminium in plant cells. In: Wright RJ, Baligar VC and Murrmann RP (Eds). Plant-Soil Interactions at Low pH. KluwerAcademic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
Meda AR and Furlani PR, 2005. Tolerance to aluminum toxicity by tropical leguminous plants used as cover crops. Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 48: 309-317.
Meriga B, Attitalla IH, Ramgopal M, Ediga A and Kavikishor PB, 2010. Differential tolerance to aluminum toxicity in rice cultivars: involvement of antioxidative enzymes and possible role of aluminum resistant locus. Academic Journal of Plant Sciences 3: 53-63.
Minocha R, McQuattie C, Fagerberg W, Long S and Noh EW, 2001. Effect of aluminium in red spruce (Picea rubens) cell cultures: cell growth and viability, mitochondrial activity, ultra structure and potential sites of intracellular aluminium accumulation. Physiologia Plantarum 113: 486-498.
Mossor-Pietraszewska T, 2001. Effect of aluminium on plant growth and metabolism. Acta Biochimica Polonica 48: 673-686.
Munnik T and Testerink C, 2009. Plant phospholipid signaling in a nutshell. Journal of Lipid Research 50: 260-265.
Palma JM, Sandalio LM, Javier Corpas F, Romero- Puertas MC, McCarthy I and del Rio LA, 2002. Plant proteases, protein degradation and oxidative stress: role of peroxisomes. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 40: 521-530.
Pineros MA, Cancxado GMA and Kochian LV, 2008. Novel properties of the wheat aluminum tolerance organic acid transporter (TaALMT1) revealed by electrophysiological characterization in xenopus oocytes: Functional and structural implications. Plant Physiology 147: 2131-2146.
Poot‐Poot W, Hernandez‐Sotomayor T and Soledad M, 2011. Aluminum stress and its role in the phospholipid signaling pathway in plants and possible biotechnological applications. IUBMB Life 63 (10): 864-872.
Romero-Puertas MC, Rodriguez-Serrano M, Corpas FJ, Gomez M, Delrio LA and Sandalio LM, 2004. Cadmium induced subcellular accumulation of O2- and H2O2 in pea leaves. Plant, Cell and Environment 27: 1122-1134.
Rout G, Samantaray S and Das P, 2001. Enlarge-alimunium toxicity in plants. A review. Agronomie 21: 3-21.
Ryan PR, DiTomaso JM and Kochian LV, 1993. Aluminium toxicity in roots: an investigation of spetial sensitivity and the role of the root cap. Journal of Experimental Botany 44: 437-446.
Simões, CC, Melo JO, Magalhaes JV and Guimarães CT, 2012. Genetic and molecular mechanisms of aluminum tolerance in plants. Genetics and Molecular Research 11 (3): 1949-1957.
Thornton FC, Schaedle M and Raynal DL, 1986. Effect of aluminum on the growth of sugar maple in solution culture. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 16: 892-896.
Vardar F and Unal M, 2007. Aluminum toxicity and resistance in higher plants. Advances in Molecular and Cell Biology 1: 1-12.
Vitorello VA, Capaldi FR and Stefanuto VA, 2005. Recent advances in aluminum toxicity and resistance in higher plants. Braziliann Journal of Plant Physiology 17 (1): 129-143.
Wagatsuma T and Kaneko M, 1987. High toxicity of hydroxy aluminum polymer ions to plant roots. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 33: 57-67.
Wallace SU and Anderson IC, 1984. Aluminum toxicity and DNA synthesis in wheat roots. Agronomy Journal 76 (1): 5-8.
Wang JW and Kao CH, 2004. Reduction of aluminum-inhibited root growth of rice seedlings with supplemental calcium, magnesium and organic acids. Crop, Environment and Bioinformatics 1: 191-198.
Wang JW, Raman H, Zhang G, Mendham N and Zhou M, 2006. Aluminium tolerance in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.): physiological mechanisms, genetics and screening methods. Journal of Zhejiang University Science B 7 (10): 769-78. 
Xu FJ, Li G, Jin C and Liu J, 2012. Aluminum induced changes in reactive oxygen species accumulation, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant capacity in wheat root tips. Biologia Plantarum 56: 89-96.
Yakimova ET, Kapchina-Toteva VMW and Oltering EJ, 2007. Signal transduction events in aluminum-induced cell death in tomato suspension cells. Journal of Plant Physiology 164 (6): 702-708.
Yamamoto Y, Kobayashi Y, Devi SR, Rikiishi S and Matsumoto H, 2003. Oxidative Stress Triggered by Aluminum in Plant Roots. The Dynamic Interface Between Plants and the Earth. Springer, Netherlands.
 
Journal of Plant Physiology and Breeding
Volume 6, Issue 2
December 2016
Pages 19-30

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics