Post-anthesis Drought Stress Effects on Photosynthesis Rate and Chlorophyll Content of Wheat Genotypes

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 1Former MSc Student of Crop Production and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran,

2 Department of Crop Production and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran

Abstract

Water stress is one of the major abiotic stresses in agriculture worldwide. In order to assess photosynthesis response and grain yield of 25 wheat genotypes under water deficit (post-anthesis stress) conditions, a 2-year study (2010-12) was carried out as a split-plot arrangement using randomized complete block design with three replications. The most sensitive gas exchange variable to water deficit was found to be mesophyll conductance (gm) (62% reduction), followed by photosynthesis rate (Pn) (42% reduction). Water deficit also reduced grain yield by an average of 45%. Pn and gm were significantly correlated with grain yield under both conditions. Higher chlorophyll content was associated with higher Pn under water deficit conditions. Maintenance of greater green leaf area during grain filling period was related to greater grain yield. Genotypes with higher Pn and gm were those with optimum grain yield (i.e. cvs. Zarrin and Darya), hence, Pn and gm were found to be the appropriate indices for screening wheat genotypes under the terminal water deficit conditions.
 

Keywords


Article Title [Persian]

تاثیر تنش خشکی پس از گلدهی بر سرعت فتوسنتز و محتوای کلروفیل ژنوتیپ‌های گندم

Abstract [Persian]

تنش آب از تنش­های عمده غیر زنده کشاورزی در سراسر جهان است. به منظور ارزیابی واکنش­های فتوسنتزی و عملکرد دانه 25 ژنوتیپ گندم در شرایط کمبود آب (پس از گلدهی) یک پژوهش دو ساله (سال­های 1389 تا 1391) به صورت طرح کرت­های خرد شده در قالب بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام شد. حساس­ترین عامل تبادل گازی به تنش کم آبی، هدایت روزنه­ای بود (62 درصد کاهش) و به دنبال آن فتوسنتز خالص با 42 درصد کاهش قرار داشت. همچنین کمبود آب عملکرد دانه را 45 درصد کاهش داد. فتوسنتز خالص و هدایت روزنه­ای با عملکرد دانه همبستگی معنی­دار داشتند. محتوای کلروفیل زیادتر با فتوسنتز خالص بیشتر در شرایط کمبود آب همراه بود. دوام بیشتر سطح سبز برگ­ها با عملکرد دانه بیشتر مرتبط بود. ژنوتیپ­هایی که فتوسنتز خالص و هدایت روزنه­ای بیشتری داشتند، از عملکرد دانه بیشتری برخوردار بودند (رقم­های زرین و دریا). بنابراین فتوسنتز خالص و هدایت روزنه­ای به عنوان شاخص­های مناسب برای انتخاب ژنوتیپ­های برتر در شرایط تنش کمبود آب در انتهای فصل شناخته شدند.
 

Keywords [Persian]

  • اسپد
  • دمای سایه انداز
  • دوره پر شدن دانه
  • کارآیی استفاده از آب
  • متغیرهای تبادل گازی
  • کمبود انتهایی آب
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