Agronomic and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Different Maize Hybrids in Response to Water Deficit Stress at Different Phenological Stages

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran

2 Young Researchers and Elite Club, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran

3 Faculty of Agricultural Science, Jahrom University, Jahrom, Iran

Abstract

The aim of present study was to evaluate the effects of drought stress on net photosynthesis rate (Pn), stomatal resistance, water use efficiency (WUE) and biomass (BM) of six maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids. Drought stress applied by withholding water supply at 4-5 leaf stage (S1, vegetative stage), anthesis (S2, reproductive stage), and dual stress condition (S3, combination of vegetative and reproductive stages). Results showed that all of the traits changed differently among hybrids under water stress but recovered close to initial values after re-watering. S3 affected leaf gas exchange and agronomic traits more severely than S1 and S2 treatments. Pn decreased due to imposed drought but more slowly in hybrids SC647 and SC704. In addition, SC700, SC704 and SC647 had the maximum BM and plant height. But, WUE decreased during the water stress period especially in hybrids SC260 and SC370 in which the decrease was remarkable. It can be concluded that SC704 and SC647 were the most tolerant and SC260 and SC370 were the least tolerant hybrids to water stress. The variation observed amongst the evaluated hybrids suggests the existence of valuable genetic resources for crop improvement in relation to drought tolerance.
 

Keywords

Article Title [Persian]

خصوصیات مرفولوژیکی و پارامترهای فتوسنتزی هیبریدهای مختلف ذرت در پاسخ به تنش کم آبی در مراحل مختلف فنولوژیکی

Abstract [Persian]

تنش خشکی یکی از مهمترین عوامل محدود کننده برای رسیدن به عملکرد بالا به خصوص در مناطق نیمه خشک است. گیاهان برای سازش به شرایط کم آبی دچار یکسری از تغییرات مورفولوژیکی، فیزیولوژیکی، بیوشیمیایی و مولکولی می­شوند. هدف از مطالعه حاضر بررسی اثر تنش خشکی بر سرعت فتوسنتز خالص، مقاومت روزنه، راندمان مصرف آب و ماده خشک زیست توده در شش هیبرید ذرت (Zea mays L.) بود. تنش خشکی از طریق عدم مصرف آب در مرحله 4-5 برگی (S1، مرحله رویشی)، مرحله گرده افشانی (S2، مرحله زایشی) و هر دو مرحله (S3، ترکیبی از مراحل رویشی و زایشی) اعمال شد. نتایج نشان داد که تمام صفات در هیبریدها تحت تنش خشکی تغییر یافتند، ولی ارزش آن­ها، بعد از آبیاری دوباره به مقادیر اولیه نزدیک شد. همچنین، تاثیر تیمار S3 بر تبادلات گازی برگ از شدت بیشتری نسبت به تیمارهای S1 و S2 برخوردار بود. Pn در اثر تحمل خشکی در هیبریدهای SC647 و SC704 با میزان کمتری کاهش یافت. علاوه بر این، SC700، SC704 و SC647 حداکثر ماده خشک زیست توده و ارتفاع بوته را داشتند. اما، کارایی مصرف آب در طول تنش خشکی به خصوص در هیبریدهای SC260 و SC370 کاهش قابل توجهی داشت. از این مطالعه، می­توان نتیجه گرفت که هیبریدهای SC704 و SC647 متحمل و هیبریدهای SC260 و SC370 حداقل تحمل را به تنش خشکی دارند. تنوع مشاهده شده در میان هیبریدهای مورد بررسی حاکی از وجود ذخایر ژنتیکی ارزشمند برای بهبود محصول در ارتباط با تحمل به خشکی است.
 

Keywords [Persian]

  • آبیاری مجدد
  • تبادلات گازی
  • خشکی
  • کارایی مصرف آب
  • وزن خشک

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Journal of Plant Physiology and Breeding
Volume 6, Issue 1
June 2016
Pages 23-34

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