Drought Stress in Iranian Endemic Savory (Satureja rechingeri): In vivo and In vitro Studies

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

2 Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands of Iran, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

The importance of different species of savory is due to having phenolic compounds such as carvacrol and thymol in the essential oil and rosmarinic acid in the extract, having strong antioxidant and antimicrobial effects. This study was conducted on five ecotypes of Satureja rechingeri in in vitro and in vivo experiments. After determining the best shooting and rooting medium, micropropagation was done and clones were prepared. Water stress treatments were prepared by increasing agar up to 100% followed by selecting the most tolerant and sensitive clones. In the in vivo experiment, effect of water stress was studied in a greenhouse with irrigation withhold and sampling at five stages. Ten morphological and physiological characters were recorded from both experiments. The tolerant clone had superior tolerance to water deficit. Increasing the agar concentration up to 66% had no effects on rooting and the growth rates of shoots but more increase led to a sharp reduction in the growth rate and root differentiation. In the greenhouse, the tolerant clone was tolerated the stress up to nine days without showing any symptoms, but the continuation of stress led to a sharp increase in proline and soluble sugars and the reduction of plant pigments and leaf osmotic potential. This research was a kind of drought simulation at in vitro condition, performed for the first time for identification and screening of drought tolerant clones of savory.
 

Keywords

Article Title [Persian]

اثر تنش خشکی در شرایط درون شیشه‌ای و گلخانه‌ای بر مرزه بومی ایرانی Satureja rechingeri

Abstract [Persian]

اهمیت گونه‌های مختلف مرزه به علت دارا بودن ترکیبات فنلی کارواکرول و تیمول در اسانس و اسیدهای فنلی نظیر اسید رزمارینیک در عصاره است که دارای اثرات آنتی اکسیدانی و آنتی میکروبی قوی می‌باشند. این تحقیق روی پنج اکوتیپ  Satureja rechingeri در دو مرحله آزمایشگاهی و گلخانه‌ای انجام گرفت. بعد از تعیین بهترین محیط شاخه‌زایی و ریشه‌زایی، ریزازدیادی انجام و کلون‏ها تهیه شدند. تیمارهای تنش کم آبی با افزایش میزان غلظت آگار تا 100 درصد تهیه و متحمل‌ترین و حساس‌ترین کلون انتخاب و به گلخانه منتقل گردیدند. در شرایط گلخانه‌ای نیز با قطع آبیاری و نمونه‌برداری در پنج مرحله، تنش خشکی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. در این تحقیق 10 صفت مورفولوژیک و فیزیولوژیک در محیط درون شیشه‌ای و گلخانه‌ای اندازه­گیری شد. کلون متحمل مقاومت بالایی نسبت به تنش کم آبی داشت به طوری که افزایش غلظت آگار تا 66% هیچ تاثیری بر میزان ریشه‌زایی و رشد نوشاخه‌ها نداشت. در عین حال افزایش بیشتر آگار منجربه کاهش شدید رشد و ناتوانی در ریشه‌زایی شد. در مرحله گلخانه نیز کلون متحمل تا نه روز تنش را بدون نشان دادن علائم ظاهری تحمل نمود ولی ادامه تنش منجر به افزایش شدید پرولین و قندهای محلول و کاهش رنگیزه‌های گیاهی و پتانسیل اسمزی برگ گردید. این تحقیق نوعی شبیه‌سازی خشکی در شرایط آزمایشگاهی است که به منظور تولید و غربال کلون‌های مقاوم به خشکی برای اولین بار در گیاه مرزه اجرا شد.
 

Keywords [Persian]

  • آگار
  • تنش آبی
  • ریزازدیادی
  • صفات مورفولوژیک و فیزیولوژیک

References

Andersen FA, 1999. Special Report: Reproductive and developmental toxicity of ethylene glycol and its ethers. International Journal of Toxicology 18: 53-10.
Baher Z, Mirza M, Ghorbanli M and Rezaii MB, 2002. The influence of water stress on plant height, herbal and essential oil yield and composition in Satureja hortensis L. Flavour and Fragrance Journal 17: 275-277.
Bates IS, Waldern RP and Teare ID, 1973. Rapid determination of free proline for water stress studies. Plant and Soil 39: 205-207.
Boyer JS, 1968. Measurement of the water status of plants. Annual Review of Plant Physiology 9: 351-363.
Brito G, Costa A, Fonseca HM and Santos CV, 2003. Response of Olea europaea ssp. maderensis in vitro shoots exposed to osmotic stress. Scientia Horticulturae 97: 411-417.
Corchete P and Guerra H, 1986. Effect of NaCl and PEG on solute content and glycosidase activities during germination of lentil seeds. Plant Cell and Environment 9: 589-593.
Duncan RR, Waskom RM and Nabors MW, 1995. In vitro screening and field evaluation of tissue culture regenerated sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) for soil stress tolerance. Euphytica 85: 373-380.
Foito A, Byrne SL, Shepherd T, Stewart D and Barth S, 2009. Transcriptional and metabolic profiles of Lolium perenne L. genotypes in response to a PEG-induced water stress. Plant Biotechnology Journal 7: 719-732.
Gao X, Yang D, Cao D, Ao M, Sui X, Wang Q, Kimatu JN and Wang L, 2010. In vitro micropropagation of Freesia hybrida and the assessment of genetic and epigenetic stability in regenerated plantlets. Plant Growth Regulation 29: 257-267.
Guo WL, Wu R, Zhang YF, Liu XM, Wang HY, Gong L, Zhang ZH and Liu B, 2007. Tissue culture induced locus specific alteration in DNA methylation and its correlation with genetic variation in Codonopsis lanceolata Benth et Hook F. Plant Cell Reports 26: 1297-1307.
Hadian J, Esmaeili H, Nadjafi F and Khadivi-Khub A, 2014. Essential oil characterization of Satureja rechingeri in Iran. Industrial Crops and Products 61: 403-409.
Ho S, Chao Y, Tong W and Yu S, 2001. Sugar coordinately and differentially regulates growth and stress related gene expression via a complex signal transduction network and multiple control mechanisms. Plant Physiology 46: 281-285.
Hoekstra FA, Golovina EA and Buitink J, 2001. Mechanisms of plant desiccation tolerance. Trends in Plant Science 6: 431-438.
Irigoyen JJ, Einerich DW and Sanchez Diaz M, 1992. Water stress induced changes in concentrations of proline and total soluble sugars in modulated alfalfa (Medicago sativa) plants. Physiologia Plantarum 84: 58-60.
Jain M, 2001. Tissue culture-derived variation in crop improvement. Euphytica 118: 153-166.
Karimi S, Hojati S, Eshghi S, Nazary Moghaddam R and Jandoust S, 2012. Magnetic exposure improves tolerance of Fig Sabz explants to drought stress induced in vitro. Scientia Horticulturae 137: 95-99.
Khalid KA, 2006. Influence of water stress on growth, essential oil and chemical composition of herb (Ocimum basilicum L.). International Agrophysics 20: 289-296.
Khalid KA, Teixeira da Silvab JA and Cai W, 2010. Water deficit and polyethylene glycol 6000 affects morphological and biochemical characters of Pelargonium odoratissimum L. Scientia Horticulturae 125: 159-166.
Kim SH, Ahn YO, Ahn MJ, Lee HS and Kwak SS, 2012. Down regulation of β-carotene hydroxylase increases β-carotene and total carotenoids enhancing salt stress tolerance in transgenic cultured cells of sweet potato. Phytochemistry 74: 69-78.
Lichtenthaler HK and Wellburn AR, 1983. Determinations of total carotenoids and chlorophylls a and b of leaf extracts in different solvents. Biochemical Society Transactions 11: 591-592.
McDonald JH, 2008. Handbook of Biological Statistics. Sparky House Publishing, Baltimore, Maryland, pp. 153-160.
Michel BE, 1972. Solute potentials of sucrose solutions. Plant Physiology 50: 196-198.
Momtaz S and Abdollahi M, 2010. An update on pharmacology of Satureja species; from antioxidant, antimicrobial, antidiabetes and antihyperlipidemic to reproductive stimulation. International Journal of Pharmacology 6: 346-353.
Petropoulos SA, Daferera D, Polissiou MG and Passam HC, 2008. The effect of water deficit stress on the growth, yield and composition of essential oils of parsley. Scientia Horticulturae 115: 393-397.
Rai MK, Kalia RK, Singh R, Gangola MP and Dhawan AK, 2011. Developing stress tolerant plants through in vitro selection. An overview of the recent progress. Environmental and Experimental Botany 71: 89-98.
Roy R, Agrawal V and Gupta SC, 2011. Mannitol, polyethylene glycol and NaCl induced polypeptide changes during in vitro culture of three tomato cultivars. Biologia Plantarum 55: 591-595.
Ruf RH, Eckard ER and Gifford RO, 1967. Compound of osmotic adjustment of plants to rapid changes in root medium osmotic pressure. Soil Science 104: 159-162.
Sefidkon F, Jamzad Z and Mirza M, 2004. Chemical variation in the essential oil of Satureja sahendica from Iran. Food Chemistry 88: 325-328.
Sivritepe N, Sivritepe N, Erturk U, Yerlikaya C, Turkan I, Bor M and Ozdemir F, 2008. Response of the cherry rootstock to water stress induced in vitro. Biologia Plantarum 52: 573-576.
Sultan MARF, Hui L, Yang LJ and Xian ZH, 2012. Assessment of drought tolerance of some Triticum species through physiological indices. Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 48: 178-184.
Tal M, 1994. In vitro selection for salt tolerance in crop plants: Theoretical and practical considerations. In Vitro Cellular and Developmental Biology-Plant 30: 175-180.
Tuteja N and Singh Gil S, 2013. Plant Acclimation to Environmental Stress. Springer, New York, USA, pp. 197-232.
Ullah I, Akhtar A, Mehmood N, Shah IA and Noo M, 2014. Effect of mannitol induced drought stress on seedling traits and protein profile of two wheat cultivars. Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences 24: 1246-1251.
Vanhove AC, Vermaelen W, Panis B, Swennen R and Carpentier SC, 2012. Screening the banana biodiversity for drought tolerance: Can an in vitro growth model and proteomics be used as a tool to discover tolerant varieties and understand homeostasis. Frontiers in Plant Science 176: 1-10.
Wani SH, Sofi PA, Gosal SS and Singh NB, 2010. In vitro screening of rice (Oryza sativa L.) callus for drought tolerance. Communications in Biometry and Crop Science 5: 108-115.
 
Journal of Plant Physiology and Breeding
Volume 6, Issue 1
June 2016
Pages 1-12

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics