Physiological Quality of Soybean Seeds Affected by Water and Light Deficits

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 1Department of Plant Eco-physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran

2 Department of Plant Eco-physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran

3 Department of Agriculture, Payame Noor Universtiy, 19395-3697, Tehran, Iran

4 3Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran

Abstract

In order to determine the best developmental stage of soybean at which maximum seed quality is attained under different shadings (S1, S2, S3: 0, 35 and 75% shade, respectively) and irrigation treatments (I1, I2, I3, I4: irrigation after 60, 90, 120 and 150 mm evaporation from class A pan, respectively), two split plot experiments using randomized complete block design with three replications were conducted in 2011 and 2012. Seeds were harvested at five day intervals in eight stages. Maximum seed weight (mass maturity) was achieved at 41-54 days after flowering. Seed filling duration decreased with decreasing water supply, but it was increased by shading. As a result, maximum seed weight, germination rate and seedling dry weight of seeds from shaded plants were higher than those of unshaded plants. However, minimum electrical conductivity and maximum germination percentage of seeds from shaded and unshaded plants under different irrigation treatments were almost similar. Maximums of seed quality parameters were obtained 1 to 9 days after mass maturity, depending on the light availability and irrigation intervals. At earlier harvests, because of immaturity, and at later harvests, due to aging, seed physiological quality was low. It was concluded that high quality seeds of soybean can be produced under different irrigation and shading treatments, providing that the seeds are harvested at about 16-20% moisture content.
 

Keywords

Article Title [Persian]

کیفیت فیزیولوژیکی بذرهای سویا تحت تأثیر کمبودهای آب و نور

Abstract [Persian]

به منظور تعیین بهترین مرحله رشد سویا که در آن حداکثر کیفیت بذر تحت شرایط مختلف سایه‌اندازی (S1، S2 و S3: به ترتیب 0، 35 و 75% سایه) و تیمارهای آبیاری (I1، I2، I3 و I4: به ترتیب آبیاری پس از 60، 90، 120 و 150 میلی‌متر تبخیر از تشتک تبخیر کلاس A) به دست آید، دو آزمایش مزرعه‌ای به ‌صورت طرح کرت‌های خرد شده بر پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در سال‌های 1390 و 1391 اجرا شد. بذرها در فواصل پنج روز و در هشت مرحله برداشت شدند. حداکثر وزن دانه (رسیدگی وزنی) در 54-41 روز پس از گلدهی به دست آمد. دوره پر شدن دانه با کاهش میزان آب کاهش یافت، ولی در اثر سایه‌اندازی افزایش پیدا کرد. در نتیجه، حداکثر وزن دانه، سرعت جوانه‌زنی و وزن خشک گیاهچه بذرهای متعلق به گیاهات تحت سایه بیشتر از گیاهان بدون سایه بود. با وجود این، حداقل هدایت الکتریکی و حداکثر درصد جوانه‌زنی بذرهای حاصل از گیاهان رشد یافته در سایه و نور کامل خورشید تحت تیمارهای مختلف آبیاری تقریبا مشابه بود. حداکثر ویژگی‌های کیفیت بذر 1 تا 9 روز پس از رسیدگی وزنی به دست آمد که بستگی به میزان دسترسی به نور و فواصل آبیاری داشت. در برداشت‎های زود هنگام به دلیل عدم رسیدگی و در برداشت‌های دیر هنگام به دلیل پیری، کیفیت فیزیولوژیکی دانه پایین بود. می‌توان نتیجه گرفت که امکان تولید بذرهای سویا با کیفیت بالا در تیمارهای مختلف آبیاری و سایه‌اندازی وجود دارد، به شرطی که میزان رطوبت بذرها در زمان برداشت در حدود 20-16% باشد.
 

Keywords [Persian]

  • آبیاری
  • پر شدن دانه
  • سایه‌اندازی
  • سویا
  • کیفیت دانه

References

Bewley JD and Black M, 1994. Seeds. Physiology of Development and Germination. Plenum Press, New York, USA.
Demir I and Ellis RH, 1992. Changes in seed quality during seed development and maturation in tomato. Seed Science Research 2: 81-87.
Demir I and Samit Y, 2001. Seed quality in relation to fruit maturation and seed dry weight during development in tomato. Seed Science and Technology 29: 453-462.
Ellis RH and Pieta Filho C, 1992. Seed development and cereal seed longevity. Seed Science Research 3: 247-257.
Ellis RH and Roberts EH, 1980. Towards a rational basis for testing seed quality. In: Hebblethwaite PD (Ed.). Seed Production. Pp. 605-635. Butterworths, London.
Eskandari H, 2012. Seed quality changes in cowpea during seed development and maturation. Seed Science and Technology 40: 108-112.
Fageria NK, 2013.The Role of Plant Roots in Crop Production. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, USA.
Farre I and Faci JM, 2006. Comparative response of maize and sorghum to deficit irrigation in a Mediteranean environment. Agricultural Water Management 83: 135-143.
Ghassemi-Golezani K, 1992. Effects of seed quality on cereal yields. PhD thesis, University of Reading, UK.
Ghassemi-Golezani K and Ghassemi S, 2013. Effects of water supply on seed development and quality of chickpea cultivars. Plant Breeding and Seed Science 67: 37-44.
Ghassemi-Golezani K and Hossinzadeh-Mahootchy A, 2009. Changes in seed vigor of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) cultivars during development and maturity. Seed Science and Technology 37: 713-720.
Ghassemi-Golezani K, Khomari S, Dalil B, Hosseinzadeh-Mahootchy A and Chadordooz-Jeddi A, 2010. Effects of seed aging on field performance of winter oilseed rape. Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment 8: 175-178.
Ghassemi-Golezani K, Lotfi R and Norouzi M, 2012. Seed quality of soybean cultivars affected by pod position and water stress at reproductive stages. International Journal of Plant, Animal and Environmental Science 2: 119-125.
Ghassemi-Golezani K and Mazloomi-Oskooyi R, 2008. Effect of water supply on seed quality development in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). International Journal of Plant Production 2: 117-124.
Ghassemi-Golezani K, Sheikhzadeh Mosaddegh P, Shakiba MR, Mohamadi A and Nasrollahzadeh S, 2011a. Development of seed physiological quality in winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) cultivars. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 39: 208-212.
Ghassemi-Golezani K, Tajbakhsh Z and Raey Y, 2011b. Seed development and quality in maize cultivars. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 39: 178-182.
Harington JF, 1972. Seed storage and longevity. In: Kozlowski TT (Ed.). Seed Biology. Pp. 145-245. Academic Press, New York.
ISTA, 2010. International rules for seed testing, seed vigor testing. Chapter 15. Pp. 1-57.
McMaster GS and Wilhelm WW, 2003. Phenological responses of wheat and barley to water and temperature: improving simulation models. Journal of Agricultural Science 141: 129-147.
Nasrollahzadeh S, Ghassemi-Golezani K and Raey Y, 2011. Effects of shading on rate and duration of grain filling and yield of faba bean cultivars. Journal of Agricultural Science 21: 47-56.
Perry DA, 1977. A vigor test for seeds of barley (Hordeum vulgar L.) based on measurement of plumule growth. Seed Science and Technology 5: 709-719.
Pieta Filho C and Ellis RH, 1991. The development of seed quality in spring barley in four environments. I. Germination and longevity. Seed Science Research 1: 163-177.   
Powell AA, Matthews S and Oliveira A, 1984. Seed quality in grain legumes. Advances in Applied Biology 10: 217-285.
Singh JN, Tripathi SK and Negi PS, 1972. Note on the effect of seed size on germination, growth and yield of soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.). Indian Journal of Agricultural Science 42: 83-86.
Tekrony DM and Egli DB, 1997. Accumulation of seed vigour during development and maturation. In: Ellis RH, Black M, Murdoch AJ and Hong TD (Eds.). Basic and applied aspects of seed biology. Pp. 369-384. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordercht, Netherlands.
Tonapi VA, Varnavasiappan S, Navi SS, Ravi    nderreddy C and Karivatharaju TV, 2006. Effect of environmental factors during seed development and maturation on seed quality in Sorghum bicolor. Plant Archives 6: 515-519.
Vidigal D, Dias D, Dias L and Finger F, 2011. Changes in seed quality during fruit maturation of sweet pepper. Scientia Agricola, 68: 535-539.
Wang Y, Mu C, Hou Y and Li X, 2008. Optimum harvest time of Vicia cracca in relation to high seed quality during pod development. Crop Science 48: 709-715.
Journal of Plant Physiology and Breeding
Volume 5, Issue 2
December 2015
Pages 11-18

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics