ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effects of Sulfur Application on Soil pH and Uptake of Phosphorus, Iron
and Zinc in Apple Trees
The main reasons for the fixation of some elements and consequently nutrient deficiencies, especially phosphorus, iron and zinc, are high levels of calcium (calcareous soils) and soil pH. Two sulfur fertilizers (sulfur alone and sulfur + organic material + Thiobacillus spp.) with two rates (2 and 4 kg sulfur/tree) were used to decrease soil pH and availability of P, Fe and Zn in apple trees during the growing season. A control treatment with no sulfur was also included in the experiment. The experiment was based on randomized complete blocks design with three replications and was carried out in the apple orchards of the West Azarbaijan province. Results showed that the sulfur treatments had significant effects on soil pH, chlorophyll content of leaves and phosphorus, iron and zinc concentrations of leaves and fruits in apple. On the average, applying sulfur decreased pH of soil and increased the chlorophyll content of leaves, and iron, zinc and phosphorus concentration of fruits in apple by17.09%, 4.8%, 30.24%, 11.61% and 18.76%, respectively, as compared to the control. Regarding the soil pH and other criteria about the nutrients availability and concentration, it seems that the application of 2 kg/tree sulfur fertilizer would be beneficial for apple orchards located in the highly alkaline soils of the area under study.
https://breeding.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_3082_250873ecd0c35d2c0fd0ab772dba03ca.pdf
2012-06-01
1
10
Apple tree
Nutrients
Soil pH
Sulfur
Syavash
Hemmaty
1
Urmia Branch,Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammad Reza
Dilmaghani
2
Urmia Branch,Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Lotfali
Naseri
3
University, Urmia, Iran
AUTHOR
AOAC, 1980. Official methods of analysis. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington, DC, USA.
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Besharati H and Atashnama K, 2000. Biosuper as a phosphate fertilizer in a calcareous soil with low available phosphorus. Afric J Biotech 6: 1325-1329.
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CrowleyDE, 1997. Correction of Zinc Deficiency in Avocado. Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA.
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Cui Y, Wang Q and Christie P, 2004. Effect of elemental sulfur on uptake of cadmium, zinc, and sulfur by oilseed rape growing in soil contaminated with zinc and cadmium. Commun Soil Sci Plant Anal 35: 2905-2916.
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Kalbasi M, Fisoof F and Reai–Nejad Y, 1988. Effect of sulfur treatment on yield and uptake of Fe, Zn and Mn by corn, sorghum and soybean. J Plant Nutr 11: 1353–1360.
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Liping LI, Zhang J, Wang Y, Xing W and Zhu A, 2005. Effects of soil properties and depth on fruit tree chlorosis in the Loess region in Northern China. Commun Soil Sci Plant Anal 36: 1129–1140.
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Manthey JA and CrowleyDE, 1997. Leaf and root responses to iron deficiency in avocado. J Plant Nutr 20: 683–93.
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Mostafa EAM and Abd El-Kader AA, 2006.Sulfur fertilization effects on growth, yield and fruit quality of Grand Nain banana cultivar. J Appl Sci Res 2(8): 470-476.
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Saroha MS and Singh HG, 1980. Interrelationships between Fe and S on the prevention of chlorosis in sugarcane on alkaline calcareous soils. Indian J Agric Sci 50: 34-40.
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20
Stamford NP, Silver JA, Freitas ADS and Araujo JT, 2002. Effect of sulfur inoculated with acidic Thiobacillus in a saline soil grown with leacera and mimosa tree legumes. Biores Technol 81: 53-59.
21
Wild A, 2003. Soils, Land and Food: Managing the Land During the Twenty-First Century. 1st Edition. CambridgeUniversity Press, Cambridge, UK.
22
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Salt-induced Changes of Antioxidant Enzymes Activity in Winter Canola
(Brassica napus) Cultivars in Growth Chamber
The effect of salinity was assessed on the activity of some major antioxidant enzymes i.e., superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), in the seedlings’ roots or shoots of three winter canola (Brassica napus L.) cultivars, Colvert (tolerant), Symbol (semi tolerant) and Agat (susceptible). Seedlings were treated with 0 (control), 50, 100 and 150 mM NaCl for 24 h in hydropoic conditions. The data were analyzed, using two-factorial balanced analysis of variance on the basis of completely randomized design with three replications. The results showed significant differences among cultivars and among salt treatments. With increasing level of salt treatment, the fresh and dry weight of roots and shoots were reduced in the cultivars under study; Colvert was influenced less than the other two canola cultivars. Salt stress enhanced the activity of SOD, POD and CAT. Almost, the maximum activity of these enzymes was detected in Colvert, the salt tolerant cultivar, followed by the other two cultivars.
https://breeding.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_3086_9d683948d88b5628c0ef947fb5ab90ae.pdf
2012-06-01
11
21
Antioxidant enzymes (CAT
POD
SOD)
Canola
NaCl
salinity
Sohila
Rajabi
1
Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Ghasem
Karimzadeh
2
Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Faezeh
Ghanati
3
Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
References
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Ahmadi SH and Ardakani J, 2006. The effect of water salinity on growth and physiological stage of eight canola (Brassica napus) cultivars. Irrigation Science 25: 11-20.
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41
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Evaluation of Crop Water Stress Index, Canopy Temperature and Grain Yield of Five Iranian Wheat Cultivars Under Late Season Drought Stress
AbstractIn order to evaluate crop water stress index (CWSI) and canopy temperature of wheat cultivars under terminal drought stress, a field experiment was conducted at the Agricultural Research Station of Shiraz University, Shiraz, during 2009 growing season. Five wheat cultivars including Shiraz, Bahar, Pishtaz, Sistan and Yavaros and four levels of water regime including well watering [Irrigation according to 100% field capacity (FC)], excess watering (125% FC), and mild (75% FC) and severe drought (50% FC) stress were used in a split plot design experiment with three replicates. Results showed that Yavaros and Shiraz cultivars with 7.36 and 6.81°C had the highest canopy-air temperature differences (Tc-Ta), respectively, while in Bahar this difference was 3.9°C. In all cultivars, slope (a) and intercept (b) of lower base line equation between Tc-Ta and vapour pressure deficit (VPD) were increased significantly due to more limitation in water and increasing VPD. Yavaros and Shiraz cultivars with higher a value were found to be more sensitive to increasing VPD. Shiraz and Yavaros cultivars with 0.73 and 0.71 had the highest seasonal mean CWSI, respectively, while CWSI in Bahar, Pishtaz and Sistan ranged from 0.61 to 0.64 under severe drought. A negative relationship was found between CWSI and amount of water supply and net photosynthesis of flag leaf. Maximum grain yield was obtained in Shiraz and Yavaros under well and excess watering and CWSI in these cultivars ranged from 0.31 to 0.36, whereas by decreasing water supply and increasing CWSI, grain yield in these cultivars decreased significantly. Bahar, Pishtaz and Sistan cultivars with lower Tc-Ta, water supply and CWSI had better performance than Shiraz and Yavaros cultivars, especially when exposed to water stress conditions. The role of these traits should be further investigated as potential indirect selection criteria for grain yield of wheat cultivars in semi-arid conditions.
https://breeding.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_3087_ee37a3789790843c7d9127647974250c.pdf
2012-06-01
23
33
Canopy temperature
CWSI
Net Photosynthesis
Water supply
Ehsan
Bijanzadeh
1
Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Yahya
Emam
yaemam@shirazu.ac.ir
2
Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
Alderfasi AA and NielsenDC, 2001. Use of crop water stress index for monitoring water status and scheduling irrigation in wheat. Agricultural Water Management 47: 69–75.
1
Al-Faraj A, Meyer GE and Horst GL, 2001. A crop water stress index for tall fescue (Fetusca arundinacea Schreb.) irrigation decision-making: a traditional method. Commercial Agriculture 31: 107–124.
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Allen RG, Pereira LS, Raes D and Smith M, 1998. Crop evapotranspiration. FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper 56. FAO, Rome.
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Alves I and Pereira LS, 2000. Non-water-stressed baselines for irrigation scheduling with infrared thermometers: a new approach. Irrigation Science 19: 101–106.
4
Braunworth WS, 1989. The possible use of the crop water stress index as an indicator of evapotranspiration deficits and yield reductions in sweet corn. Journal of American Society of Horticulture Science 114: 542–546.
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Emam Y, 2007. Cereal Production. 3rd Edition. ShirazUniversity Press, Shiraz, 190 pp.
6
Emekli Y, Bastug R, Buyuktas D and EmekliNY, 2007. Evaluation of a crop water stress index for irrigation scheduling of bermudagrass. Agricultural Water Management 90: 205–212.
7
Feng BL, Wang CF and Miao F, 2001. Leaf gas exchange character of low canopy temperature wheat in drought conditions. Journal of Triticale Crop 21: 48–51.
8
Feng BL, Yu H, Hu Y, Gao X, Gao J, Gao D and Zhang S, 2009. The physiological characteristics of the low canopy temperature wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes under simulated drought condition. Acta Physiology Plantarum 31: 1229–1235.
9
Fischer RA, Rees D, Sayre KD, Lu Z, Condon AG and Saavendra AL, 1998. Wheat yield progress associated with higher stomatal conductance and photosynthetic rate, and cooler canopies. Crop Science 36: 1467–1475.
10
Gardner BR, NielsenDC and Shock CC, 1992. Infrared thermometry and the crop water stress index. II. Sampling procedures and interpretation. Journal of Production Agriculture 5: 466–475.
11
Garrot DJ, Ottman, DD, Fangmeier DD and Hunman SH, 1994. Quantifying wheat water stress with the crop water stress index to schedule irrigations. Agronomy Journal 86: 195-199.
12
Gontia NK and Tiwari KN, 2008. Development of crop water stress index of wheat crop for scheduling irrigation using infrared thermometry. Agricultural Water Management 95: 1144–1152.
13
Grimes DW, Yamada H and Hughes SW, 1987. Climate-normalized cotton leaf water potentials for irrigation scheduling. Agricultural Water Management 12: 293-304.
14
Howell TA, Musick JT and Tolk JA, 1986. Canopy temperature of irrigated winter wheat. Transition ASAE 29: 1692–1699.
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Jackson RD, Idso RB, Reginato RJ and Pinter PJ, 1981. Canopy temperature as a crop water stress indicator. Water Resource 17: 1133–1138.
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Jalali-Farahani HR, Slack DC, Kopec DM, and Matthias AD, 1993. Crop water-stress index models for bermudagrass. Agronomy Journal 85: 1210–1217.
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Kramer PJ, 1983. Water Relations of Plants. Academic Press, New York.
19
Li L, Nielsen DC, Yua Q, Mac L and Ahuja LR, 2008. Evaluating the crop water stress index and its correlation with latent heat and CO2 fluxes over winter wheat and maize in the North China plain. Agricultual Water Management 7: 1146-1155.
20
Monteith JL and Unsworth MH, 1990. Principles of Environmental Physics. Edward Arnold, London, pp. 243.
21
Orta AH, Baser I, Sehirali S, Erdem T and Erdem Y, 2004. Use of infrared thermometry for developing baseline equations and scheduling irrigation in wheat. Cereal Research 32: 363–370.
22
Panda, RK, BeheraSK and Kashyap PS, 2003. Effective management of irrigation water for wheat under stressed conditions. Agricultural Water Management 63: 37–56.
23
SAS, 2003. SAS for windows. V. 9.1. SAS Inst, Cary, USA.
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StokcleCO and DugasWA, 1992. Evaluating canopy temperature-based indices for irrigation scheduling. Irrigation Science 13: 31–37.
25
Yuan G, Luo Y, Sun X and Tang D, 2004. Evaluation of a crop water stress index for detecting water stress in winter wheat in theNorth China Plain. Agricultural Water Management 64: 29–40.
26
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Genetic Variation and Inheritance of Early Growth Characteristics in Three Wild Pistachio Populations
Pistacia atlantica is the most important tree species for the economy of many rural areas in west of Iran, but no effort has been made for the genetic improvement of this species. The aim of this investigation was to study the genetic variation and inheritance of early growth traits in P. atlantica. For this purpose, three wild pistachio populations comprising 60 randomly selected adult trees from northwest of Iran were sampled and half-sib seeds were sown in a forest nursery using randomized complete block design with three replications. During the growing season, plant height, collar diameter, number of leaves and sprout length were measured on the seedlings in 2009 and 2010. Analysis of variance based on split plot in time was carried out for the two-year data and squared phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV2) were calculated for the above mentioned traits. Furthermore, additive genetic variance, narrow sense heritability and expected genetic gain were estimated among the half-sib families under study. In addition, phenotypic correlation coefficients of the traits from 30 two-year old seedlings with several characters of mother plants were calculated. Analysis of variance showed significant differences among trees for all of the seedling traits indicating the existence of enough genetic diversity within this species that can be utilized in breeding programs. Plant height and number of leaves had the highest PCV2 among the measured traits.Narrow sense heritability estimates were moderate for collar diameter (0.53), number of leaves (0.46) and sprout length (0.43) and high for plant height (0.71). Considerable genetic gain was also expected for plant height. In addition, plant height of half-sib progenies was significantly correlated with tree height, stem diameter and maximum seed diameter of mother plants. Therefore, plant height could be regarded as a reliable early selection index because of its high heritability and genetic gain and also, significant correlation with the characteristics of parental trees.
https://breeding.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_3089_b657f390220727a9b0142fdc68aec47f.pdf
2012-06-01
35
42
Early selection
Genetic gain
Heritability
Pistacia atlantica
Progeny test
Nasrin
Seyedi
1
Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
AUTHOR
Seyed
Gholamali Jalali
2
Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammad
Moghaddam
3
University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Seyed
Abolghasem Mohammadi
4
University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
AUTHOR
References
1
Ahmadi Afzadi M, Tabatabaei BES, Mohammadi SA and Tajabadipur A, 2007. Comparison of genetic diversity in species and cultivars of pistachio (Pistacia sp. L.) based on Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) markers. Iran J Biotechnol 3: 147-152.
2
Ajmal SU, Zakir N and Mujahid MY, 2009. Estimation of genetic parameters and character association in wheat. J Agric Biol Sci 1(1): 15-18.
3
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4
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5
Belhadj S, Derridj A, Auda Y, Gers C et Gauquelin T. 2008.Analyse de la variabilite morphologique chez huit populations spontanees de Pistacia atlantica en Algerie. Botany 86: 520-532 (English abstract).
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Falconer DS and Mackay TFC, 1996. Introduction to Quantitative Genetics. Longman Group, London, pp. 464.
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Ginwal HS, Phartyal SS, Rawat PS and Srivastava RL, 2005. Seed source variation in morphology, germination and seedling growth of Jatropha curcas L. in Central India. Silvae Genet 54, 2: 76-80.
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Kafkas S, Kafkas E and Perl-Treves R, 2002. Morphological diversity and a germplasm survey of three wild Pistacia species in Turkey. Genet Resour Crop Ev 49: 261–270.
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Kafkas S and Perl-Treves R, 2001. Morphological and molecular phylogeny of Pistacia species in Turkey. Theor Appl Genet 102: 908–915.
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Najowa A, Muzher B and Hamed F, 2009. The genetic diversity of Pistacia atlantica genotypes in Suweida province using RAPD technique. Abstracts of 7th Conference of GCSAR, Suweida, Syria.
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Pazouki L, Mardi M, Salehi Shanjani P, Hagidimitriou M, Pirseyedi SM, Naghavi MR, Avanzato D, Vendramin E, Kafkas S, Ghareyazie B, Ghaffari MR and Khayam Nekouei SM. 2010. Genetic diversity and relationships among Pistacia species and cultivars. Conserv Genet 11: 311-318.
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Pedersen AP, Hansen JK, Mtika JM and Msangi TH, 2007. Growth, stem quality and age-age correlations in a teak provenance trial in Tanzania. Silvae Genet 56: 142–148.
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Pourreza M, Shaw JD and Zangeneh H, 2008. Sustainability of wild pistachio (Pistacia atlantica Desf.) in Zagros forests, Iran. Forest Ecol Manag 72 (2): 157-160.
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Ranjbar Fordoei A, Samson R, Lemeur R and Van Damme P, 2002. Effects of osmotic drought stress induced by a combination of NaCI and polyethylene glycol on leaf water status, photosynthetic gas exchange and water use efficiency of Pistacia khinjuk and Pistacia mutica. Photosynthetica 40 (2): 165-169.
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Safavi SM, Farshadfar M, Kahrizi D and Safavi SA, 2011. Genetic variability of some morphologicaltraits in poplar clones. Am J Sci Res 13: 113-117.
26
Salehi Shanjani P, Mardi M, Pazouki L, Hagidimitriou M, Avanzato D, Mostafa Pirseyedi S, Ghaffari MR and Khayam Nekoui SM, 2009. Analysis of the molecular variation between and within cultivated and wild Pistacia species using AFLPs. Tree Genet Genomes 5 (3): 447-458.
27
Sebbenn AM, Pontinha AAs, Giannotti E and Kageyama PY, 2003. Genetic variation in provenance-progeny test of Araucaria angustifolia (Bert.) O. Ktze. in São Paulo, Brazil. Silvae Genet 52 (5-6): 181-184.
28
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Graphical Analysis of Multi-Environment Trials for Barley Yield Using AMMI and GGE-Biplot Under Rain-Fed Conditions
The AMMI and SREG GGE are among the models that effectively capture the additive and multiplicative components of genotype × environment interaction (GEI) and provide meaningful interpretation of multi-environment trials’ data set in the breeding programs. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of GEI on grain yield of barely advanced lines and exploit the positive GEI effect using AMMI and SREG GGE biplot analysis. Therefore, 18 lines were evaluated at four research stations (Gorgan, Mogan, Lorestan and Gachsaran) of Dryland Agricultural Research Institute (DARI), located in the semi-warm regions in Iran, in 2004, 2005 and 2006 cropping seasons under rain-fed conditions. Analysis of variance showed that grain yield variation due to environments, genotypes and GEI were highly significant (p<0.01), which accounted for 70.4%, 6.8% and 22.8% of treatment combination sum of squares, respectively. To determine the effects of GEI on yields, the data were subjected to AMMI and GGE biplot analysis. The first four AMMI model terms were highly significant (p<0.01) and of which the first two terms explained 48% of the GEI. There were two mega-environments according to the SREG GGE model. The best genotype in one location was not always the best in other test locations. According to AMMI1 biplot, the ideal-genotype biplot and by visualizing the mean yield and stability of the genotypes, lines G2 and G11 were better than all other lines across environments. G11 was the ideal genotype to plant in Gachsaran and Lorestan and G2 was the best for Gorgon and Mogan.
Keywords:
https://breeding.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_3090_cf3a9019a69c949e99dec807a7c49540.pdf
2012-06-01
43
54
AMMI
GE interaction
GGE biplot
Stability
Jafar
Ahmadi
1
University of Imam Khomeini, Qazvin, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Behroz
Vaezi
2
Agricultural Research Institute, Gachsaran, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammad
Hossein Fotokian
3
Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
References
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25
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of Water Stress on Rapeseed Cultivars Using Morpho-Physiological
Traits and Their Relations with ISSR Markers
Abstract To study the effect of water stress in rapeseed cultivars at the seedling stage, 10 rapeseed cultivars were evaluated at three irrigation levels [normal irrigation (control) and irrigation after depletion of 60 and 85% of available soil water]. Analysis of variance showed considerable variation among cultivars. Water stress reduced all of the studied morphological characteristics, especially shoot and root dry weight, root volume and increased chlorophyll content and chlorophyll fluorescence. Cluster analysis at three levels of irrigation regime, assigned cultivars in different groups. Cultivars Licord, Opera and SLM043 were grouped together and showed higher average for all traits compared with other cultivars at all of the irrigation conditions. ISSR analysis using 11 primers produced 54 polymorphic bandsin the studied cultivars. Mean PIC and MI of all primers were 0.21 and 1.03, respectively. Cluster analysis based on molecular data using Nei's genetic distance assigned the cultivars into three clusters. Associations between molecular markers and morpho-physiological traits, were assessed by stepwise multiple regression analysis at different stress levels. The highest amount of variation contributed by ISSR markers belonged to relative leaf water content (78%) at non-stress condition, to root/shoot index (66%) at moderate stress condition and to root length (53%) at severe stress condition.
https://breeding.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_3092_2c132b48619b8c37bfd875084384af6b.pdf
2012-06-01
55
66
Genetic variation
ISSR markers
Rapeseed
Water Stress
Masoumeh
Nemati
1
University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
AUTHOR
Ali
Asghari
2
University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
AUTHOR
Omid
Sofalian
3
University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
AUTHOR
Ali
Rasoulzadeh
4
University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
AUTHOR
Hamidreza
Mohamaddoust Chamanabad
5
Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
AUTHOR
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